Plant Biology: Ergot Life Cycle Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which plant acts synergistically with cymbopogon proximus?

  • Alkaloids of ephidra
  • Red algae
  • Brown algae
  • Flavonoids of ruta (correct)

What is a characteristic of lower plants mentioned in the content?

  • Absence of vascular tissues (correct)
  • Presence of vascular tissues
  • Presence of stomata
  • Presence of lignified elements

What role does pectin have according to the content?

  • Source of flavonoids
  • Used for bleaching
  • Provides antiviral properties
  • Laxative or anti-diarrhoea (correct)

Which statement is true regarding the properties of brown algae?

<p>It is dichotomously branched. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is indicated to bleach red algae?

<p>Sunlight or sulfur dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed during the resting stage of the organism?

<p>Scleroteum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the scleroteum germinate to produce in spring?

<p>Spherical heads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the flask-shaped cavities formed by the organism?

<p>Ascopores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the ascospores transported to the rye flowers?

<p>By the wind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the hyphae penetrate after ascospores reach the rye flowers?

<p>Ovary wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct periods in the life cycle of Ergot?

<p>Active and resting stages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does Ergot exhibit diversity of active constituents?

<p>Active stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Ergot's life cycle follows the active stage?

<p>Resting stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the active stage of Ergot?

<p>Diversity of active constituents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Ergot’s life cycle?

<p>Fractions stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the stem described in the content?

<p>It has a quadrangular shape and a dark purplish tinge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stomata is mentioned in relation to the plant?

<p>Anomocytic stomata. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a usage of the cannabis fixed oil?

<p>It is a source of omega-3. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does lA dimethyl amide have on individuals?

<p>Induces hallucination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are referred to as being very strong and used for making ropes?

<p>Pericyclic fibers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is found in the cell wall of ergot?

<p>Chitin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological activity is associated with the resin mentioned?

<p>It influences the central nervous system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is associated with detecting alkaloids?

<p>Van Urk reagent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by symptoms resulting from ergot consumption?

<p>Ergotism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the cannabis plant as described?

<p>It contains an extensive fibrous layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the branching nature of the type of plant mentioned?

<p>Monopodial branching. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about muscle contraction and vasocontraction?

<p>They are unrelated physiological processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of collecting the described plant in autumn?

<p>Alkaloids are present in higher concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of N-alkylamine alkaloids in medical treatment?

<p>Smooth muscle relaxant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of N-alkylamine alkaloids?

<p>They are safe for use in spasms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what forms are N-alkylamine alkaloids typically administered?

<p>As injections or tablets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common medical use of N-alkylamine alkaloids in relation to the respiratory system?

<p>Nasal bleeding control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties describes the action of N-alkylamine alkaloids in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They act as cardiac stimulants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Quadrangular Stem

A type of stem characterized by its square shape, green color with a purplish tinge, and the presence of oil, typically extracted by steam distillation.

Cystolis Hair

Type of hair cell found on the leaves of plants in the family Molacea. It is a distinguishing characteristic that helps identify these plants.

Narcotic

A substance that can cause a calming or sedative effect, often used in medicine for pain relief and sleep disorders.

Antioxidant

A natural compound found in plants that acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. One example is 'vincamin'.

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Effervacence

The process where the release of carbon dioxide from a substance, such as calcium carbonate, creates a fizzing or bubbling effect.

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Pericyclic Fibers

Thick, strong fibers found in the pericycle of a plant's stem, particularly in Indian hemp. These fibers are known for their strength and are used to make rope.

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Anomocytic Stomata

A type of stomata (pores on plant surfaces) characterized by a single surrounding cell. It is found in certain plant species.

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Ornamental Plant

A plant that is grown primarily for its aesthetic appeal and ornamental value. These plants are often used to beautify gardens, homes, and landscapes.

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Annual plant

A type of plant that completes its life cycle within a year, growing, flowering, and producing seeds before dying.

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Quercetin

A compound naturally found in plants that acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.

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Brown algae

A type of algae that is characterized by a branched structure and contains iodine.

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Red algae

A type of algae that is often used for its ability to bleach materials.

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Lower plant

A type of plant that lacks vascular tissues, hairs, stomata, calcium oxalate, starch, and lignified elements, indicating its primitive nature.

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N-alkylamine alkaloids

A group of organic compounds containing an amine group attached to an alkyl chain. These compounds exhibit pharmacological activity, often impacting smooth muscle function.

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3-flavonoids

A type of flavonoid compound with a specific structure, featuring a benzene ring attached to a pyran ring. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

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N-alkylamine alkaloids & spasms

These compounds, despite having smooth muscle relaxant properties, aren't used in the treatment of spasms due to their potential toxicity.

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N-alkylamine alkaloids & cardiovascular effects

These compounds, similar to adrenaline (epinephrine), stimulate the heart and cardiovascular system, raising blood pressure. Their effects include vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion, bronchodilation, and suppression of inflammation.

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N-alkylamine alkaloids & CNS effects

These alkaloids can also function as central nervous system stimulants, potentially affecting alertness and mood.

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Active Stage of Ergot

This is the stage where the ergot fungus is actively growing and producing its reproductive structures.

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Resting Stage of Ergot

This is the stage where the ergot fungus exists in a dormant, inactive state, waiting for favorable conditions to start growing again.

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Ergot Life Cycle - Two Stages

The ergot fungus has two distinct phases in its life cycle: an active phase where it grows and reproduces, and a resting phase where it remains dormant until conditions are right for growth.

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Active Constituents of Ergot

The ergot fungus produces a variety of compounds that have both medicinal and toxic properties. These compounds are produced during the active stage of the fungus's life.

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What differentiates the two main stages of ergot's life?

The active stage of ergot is characterized by the production of various compounds, while the resting stage is marked by the formation of sclerotia, which are hard, resistant bodies that allow the fungus to survive unfavorable conditions.

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Sclerotium

A dormant, hard, resistant structure formed by some fungi, especially ergot, which survives adverse conditions.

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Stromata

A specialized fungal structure that produces spores. In ergot, it emerges from the sclerotium and contains sacs called perithecia, which hold the spores.

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Ascospore

A type of fungal spore produced in sacs called asci within the stroma of ergot.

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Ergot

A type of parasitic fungus that infects rye plants, creating a dark, hard structure called a sclerotium.

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Dissemination of Ergot

The process where ergot spores are spread by the wind to infect rye plants.

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Van Urk Reagent

A chemical test used to detect the presence of alkaloids, a group of naturally occurring organic compounds often found in plants.

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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

A substance that causes hallucinations, or altered perceptions of reality. It is known for its psychoactive effects.

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Ergotism

A fungal disease that affects rye and other grains, producing toxic alkaloids like ergotamine. Ergotism can cause various health issues, including gangrene, hallucinations, and convulsions.

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Chitin

A type of carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi like ergot and in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. It is a structural polymer.

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Chitosan

A derivative of chitin, often used as a bio-material for its unique properties. It is a natural, biodegradable polymer.

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