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Questions and Answers
What role do herbal plants primarily serve in their interaction with humans?
What role do herbal plants primarily serve in their interaction with humans?
- They are primarily ornamental species.
- They are used only for culinary purposes.
- They provide aesthetics for gardens.
- They contain medicinal properties. (correct)
During which stage of the plant life cycle does alternation of generations occur?
During which stage of the plant life cycle does alternation of generations occur?
- Only during the pollen stage.
- Only during sporophyte development.
- Through both gametophyte and sporophyte phases. (correct)
- Only during gametophyte development.
Which process results in the formation of four haploid cells in plants?
Which process results in the formation of four haploid cells in plants?
- Mitosis
- Tissue culture
- Binary fission
- Meiosis (correct)
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis?
What are the male reproductive structures in plants called?
What are the male reproductive structures in plants called?
What is the primary function of dictyosomes in plant cells?
What is the primary function of dictyosomes in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the sporophyte stage in the plant life cycle?
What is the primary function of the sporophyte stage in the plant life cycle?
What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower?
What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower?
Which meristem type is primarily responsible for the elongation of roots and shoots?
Which meristem type is primarily responsible for the elongation of roots and shoots?
Which of the following best describes the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following best describes the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Which statement best describes the gametophyte stage in plants?
Which statement best describes the gametophyte stage in plants?
During which stage of the plant life cycle are sex cells formed?
During which stage of the plant life cycle are sex cells formed?
What type of growth is associated with lateral meristems?
What type of growth is associated with lateral meristems?
What substance primarily provides structural support in plant cell walls?
What substance primarily provides structural support in plant cell walls?
Which of the following correctly describes a zygote?
Which of the following correctly describes a zygote?
What type of pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from one flower to another flower on the same plant?
What type of pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from one flower to another flower on the same plant?
Which organelle is referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell' for its role in energy production?
Which organelle is referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell' for its role in energy production?
Which of the following statements is true concerning the sporophyte phase?
Which of the following statements is true concerning the sporophyte phase?
What is the role of protoderm in plant tissue?
What is the role of protoderm in plant tissue?
What is true about the secondary cell wall in plant cells?
What is true about the secondary cell wall in plant cells?
Which type of plant tissue makes up most of the plant and aids in support, storage, and photosynthesis?
Which type of plant tissue makes up most of the plant and aids in support, storage, and photosynthesis?
In mitosis, what is produced that is crucial for the gametophyte stage?
In mitosis, what is produced that is crucial for the gametophyte stage?
Which cellular structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier in plant cells?
Which cellular structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier in plant cells?
What is the process called that transfers pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma?
What is the process called that transfers pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma?
Flashcards
Alternations of Generation
Alternations of Generation
A life cycle pattern in plants with two distinct stages: a sporophyte (spore-producing) and a gametophyte (gamete-producing) stage.
Sporophyte Stage
Sporophyte Stage
The diploid stage of a plant's life cycle, responsible for producing spores.
Gametophyte Stage
Gametophyte Stage
The haploid stage of a plant's life cycle, which produces gametes (sex cells).
Meiosis
Meiosis
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Diploid
Diploid
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Haploid
Haploid
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Pollination (Fertilization)
Pollination (Fertilization)
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Plant Science
Plant Science
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Father of Botany
Father of Botany
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Autotroph
Autotroph
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Cellulose
Cellulose
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Xylem function
Xylem function
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Phloem function
Phloem function
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Rough ER
Rough ER
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Smooth ER
Smooth ER
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Dictyosomes (Golgi Bodies)
Dictyosomes (Golgi Bodies)
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic Tissue
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Apical Meristem
Apical Meristem
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Lateral Meristem
Lateral Meristem
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Study Notes
Plant Biology
- Deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, biochemical processes, and interactions with the environment.
- Father of Botany: Theophrastus systematically documented plant growth and categorized plants.
- Plant Characteristics: Eukaryotic cells with a defined nucleus (enclosed in a nuclear membrane). Multicellular. Producers (autotrophs), converting light energy to chemical energy (photosynthesis). Cell walls made of cellulose, giving structural support. Vascular system (xylem for water transport, phloem for food transport). Medicinal and food sources.
Alternation of Generation
- In plants, there's an alternation between two life cycle stages or generations.
- One stage is the diploid sporophyte generation, producing haploid spores through meiosis.
- The other is the haploid gametophyte generation, producing gametes (e.g., sperm and egg) via mitosis.
- Fertilization between gametes forms a zygote, starting the diploid sporophyte generation again.
Plant Reproduction
- Pollination/Fertilization: Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
- Key Terms:
- Haploid: Single set of chromosomes (n).
- Diploid: Two sets of chromosomes (2n).
- Reproductive Structures:
- Gametangia: Structures in which gametes are produced
- Antheridia: Male reproductive structures producing sperm cells.
- Archegonia: Female structures producing egg cells.
Plant Cells
- Cell Membrane: A selectively permeable membrane controlling movement into and out of the cell, comprised of a phospholipid bilayer.
- Vacuoles: Central large vacuole in plant cells for storage and waste.
Plant Tissues
- Meristematic Tissue: Undifferentiated cells that continually divide to produce new cells.
- Dermal Tissue: Protective outer layer that protects the plant.
- Vascular Tissue: Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant (xylem and phloem).
- Ground Tissue: Supporting and storage tissue filling space between vascular and dermal tissues.
Plant Organs
- Roots: Absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant, conduct water, and involved in reproduction.
- Stems: Support the plant, transport water and nutrients between roots and leaves, support photosynthesis, and store food.
- Leaves: Major site of photosynthesis.
- Flowers: Involved in sexual reproduction, containing reproductive structures (stamens for pollen, pistils for eggs)
- Fruits: Develop from the ovary in flower and surround the seeds, aiding in dispersal.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in plant biology, including the characteristics of plants, their structure, and the processes of photosynthesis. Additionally, it explores the alternation of generations, detailing the diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stages critical in the plant life cycle.
