Plant Biology Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What prevents cells in plants from moving relative to one another?

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall (correct)
Chloroplast

What is the main evidence that plants evolved from green algae?

Presence of mitochondria
Similar genes and rRNA (correct)
Lack of chlorophylls
Absence of cellulose cell wall

Which cells in plants have indeterminant growth due to the presence of persistent totipotent cells?

Guard cells
Sieve tube cells
Meristem cells (correct)
Xylem cells

What is the life cycle of plants characterized by, involving two distinct multicellular phases?

Alternation of Generations (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment acts as a sunscreen in plants by filtering out harmful UV radiation?

ß-carotene (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component in plant cells stores food as starch and provides structural support?

Cellulose cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do gametes need water for fertilization in plants?

To provide a medium for the gametes to swim to each other (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sporophyte stage dominant in plant life cycles? (That is only in vascular seedless plant)

As it allows for vertical growth and support of the plant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary event is suggested by the presence of heterospory in plants?

Evolution of male and female gametophytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What selective advantage does heterospory provide, based on its multiple evolutionary origins?

Greater genetic diversity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which major change led to the evolution of seed plants?

Pollination (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the reduction of the gametophyte continue with seed plants?

By further reducing the size and importance of the gametophyte (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell wall in plant growth and survival on land?

To provide support and structure to the plant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of turgor pressure in plant cells?

To give structure by pressing water against the cell wall (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of vascular systems in plants?

To transport organic nutrients and minerals throughout the plant (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant species need to protect gametes from drying out?

To avoid desiccation and maintain viability for reproduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of seeds in plant reproduction?

Seeds allow plants to reproduce without water-dependent gametes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does pollen serve in plant reproduction?

To allow plants to reproduce without seeds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What develops from the ovule after fertilization?

Seed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary significance of pollen?

Enables reproduction without relying on water for gamete transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of seed coat?

Protecting & nourishing the embryo (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants were the first major seed plants?

Gymnosperms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of angiosperms?

Being flowering plants (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do gymnosperms typically survive well in dry conditions?

By keeping their leaves all year (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes bryophytes?

They require water at every stage of their life cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes vascular seedless plants?

They have microphyllous leaves with simple venation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an archegonium in vascular seedless plants?

It is a structure that retains the egg for fertilization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the life cycle of vascular seedless plants is accurate?

The gametophyte generation is dominant and persistent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between microphyllous and megaphyllous leaves?

Microphyllous leaves are small and simple, while megaphyllous leaves are larger and more complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plant Cell Immobility

Cell walls prevent plant cells from moving relative to one another.

Plant Evolution Evidence

Similar genes and rRNA sequences provide strong evidence for plant evolution from green algae.

Meristem Cells

Meristem cells have indeterminant growth due to totipotency.

Alternation of Generations

Alternation of Generations characterizes the plant life cycle, involving sporophyte and gametophyte phases.