Plant Biology Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What prevents cells in plants from moving relative to one another?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Chloroplast

What is the main evidence that plants evolved from green algae?

  • Presence of mitochondria
  • Similar genes and rRNA (correct)
  • Lack of chlorophylls
  • Absence of cellulose cell wall

Which cells in plants have indeterminant growth due to the presence of persistent totipotent cells?

  • Guard cells
  • Sieve tube cells
  • Meristem cells (correct)
  • Xylem cells

What is the life cycle of plants characterized by, involving two distinct multicellular phases?

<p>Alternation of Generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment acts as a sunscreen in plants by filtering out harmful UV radiation?

<p>ß-carotene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component in plant cells stores food as starch and provides structural support?

<p>Cellulose cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do gametes need water for fertilization in plants?

<p>To provide a medium for the gametes to swim to each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sporophyte stage dominant in plant life cycles? (That is only in vascular seedless plant)

<p>As it allows for vertical growth and support of the plant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary event is suggested by the presence of heterospory in plants?

<p>Evolution of male and female gametophytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What selective advantage does heterospory provide, based on its multiple evolutionary origins?

<p>Greater genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major change led to the evolution of seed plants?

<p>Pollination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the reduction of the gametophyte continue with seed plants?

<p>By further reducing the size and importance of the gametophyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell wall in plant growth and survival on land?

<p>To provide support and structure to the plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of turgor pressure in plant cells?

<p>To give structure by pressing water against the cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of vascular systems in plants?

<p>To transport organic nutrients and minerals throughout the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant species need to protect gametes from drying out?

<p>To avoid desiccation and maintain viability for reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of seeds in plant reproduction?

<p>Seeds allow plants to reproduce without water-dependent gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does pollen serve in plant reproduction?

<p>To allow plants to reproduce without seeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What develops from the ovule after fertilization?

<p>Seed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary significance of pollen?

<p>Enables reproduction without relying on water for gamete transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of seed coat?

<p>Protecting &amp; nourishing the embryo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants were the first major seed plants?

<p>Gymnosperms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of angiosperms?

<p>Being flowering plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gymnosperms typically survive well in dry conditions?

<p>By keeping their leaves all year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes bryophytes?

<p>They require water at every stage of their life cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes vascular seedless plants?

<p>They have microphyllous leaves with simple venation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an archegonium in vascular seedless plants?

<p>It is a structure that retains the egg for fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the life cycle of vascular seedless plants is accurate?

<p>The gametophyte generation is dominant and persistent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between microphyllous and megaphyllous leaves?

<p>Microphyllous leaves are small and simple, while megaphyllous leaves are larger and more complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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