Plant Biology Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What prevents cells in plants from moving relative to one another?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Chloroplast
  • What is the main evidence that plants evolved from green algae?

  • Presence of mitochondria
  • Similar genes and rRNA (correct)
  • Lack of chlorophylls
  • Absence of cellulose cell wall
  • Which cells in plants have indeterminant growth due to the presence of persistent totipotent cells?

  • Guard cells
  • Sieve tube cells
  • Meristem cells (correct)
  • Xylem cells
  • What is the life cycle of plants characterized by, involving two distinct multicellular phases?

    <p>Alternation of Generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment acts as a sunscreen in plants by filtering out harmful UV radiation?

    <p>ß-carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in plant cells stores food as starch and provides structural support?

    <p>Cellulose cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do gametes need water for fertilization in plants?

    <p>To provide a medium for the gametes to swim to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the sporophyte stage dominant in plant life cycles? (That is only in vascular seedless plant)

    <p>As it allows for vertical growth and support of the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary event is suggested by the presence of heterospory in plants?

    <p>Evolution of male and female gametophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What selective advantage does heterospory provide, based on its multiple evolutionary origins?

    <p>Greater genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major change led to the evolution of seed plants?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the reduction of the gametophyte continue with seed plants?

    <p>By further reducing the size and importance of the gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell wall in plant growth and survival on land?

    <p>To provide support and structure to the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of turgor pressure in plant cells?

    <p>To give structure by pressing water against the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vascular systems in plants?

    <p>To transport organic nutrients and minerals throughout the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plant species need to protect gametes from drying out?

    <p>To avoid desiccation and maintain viability for reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of seeds in plant reproduction?

    <p>Seeds allow plants to reproduce without water-dependent gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does pollen serve in plant reproduction?

    <p>To allow plants to reproduce without seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What develops from the ovule after fertilization?

    <p>Seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary significance of pollen?

    <p>Enables reproduction without relying on water for gamete transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of seed coat?

    <p>Protecting &amp; nourishing the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of plants were the first major seed plants?

    <p>Gymnosperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of angiosperms?

    <p>Being flowering plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gymnosperms typically survive well in dry conditions?

    <p>By keeping their leaves all year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes bryophytes?

    <p>They require water at every stage of their life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes vascular seedless plants?

    <p>They have microphyllous leaves with simple venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an archegonium in vascular seedless plants?

    <p>It is a structure that retains the egg for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the life cycle of vascular seedless plants is accurate?

    <p>The gametophyte generation is dominant and persistent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between microphyllous and megaphyllous leaves?

    <p>Microphyllous leaves are small and simple, while megaphyllous leaves are larger and more complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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