Questions and Answers
What is the alternation of generations?
What is a sporophyte?
The spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations.
What is a gametophyte?
The gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations.
What is meiosis?
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What are zoospores?
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What are sporangia?
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What is sperm?
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What is an egg?
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What is a zygote?
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What is fertilization?
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What is syngamy?
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What is a spore?
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What is a spore mother cell?
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What are archegonia?
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What are antheridia?
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What is a homosporous plant?
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What is a heterosporous plant?
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What is plasmogamy?
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What is karyogamy?
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What is a medusa?
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What are larvae?
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What are pupae?
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What is fission?
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What is budding?
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What is fragmentation?
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What is regeneration?
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What is parthenogenesis?
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What is sequential hermaphroditism?
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What is protogynous?
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What is protandrous?
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What is external fertilization?
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What is internal fertilization?
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What are gonads?
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What is oogenesis?
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What is a primary oocyte?
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What is a secondary oocyte?
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Study Notes
Alternation of Generations
- Life cycle exhibiting multicellular diploid (sporophyte) and multicellular haploid (gametophyte) forms, typical in plants.
Sporophyte
- The diploid phase in the plant life cycle that produces spores.
Gametophyte
- The haploid phase in the plant life cycle responsible for producing gametes.
Meiosis
- A cellular process reducing chromosome count by half through homologous chromosome separation in diploid cells.
Zoospores
- Flagellated spores, capable of swimming.
Sporangia
- Multicellular organs tasked with spore production.
Sperm
- The male reproductive cell in sexual reproduction.
Egg
- The reproductive body in animals, containing an ovum or embryo with protective layers.
Zygote
- A fertilized egg resulting from the union of sperm and egg.
Fertilization
- The process of making an organism fertile, commonly associated with the union of gametes.
Syngamy
- The fusion of gametes during fertilization.
Spore
- A typically single-celled reproductive structure developed by plants and some protozoans that can grow into a new individual.
Spore Mother Cell
- A cell that develops into a spore.
Archegonia
- Female reproductive structures, or gametangia, in plants.
Antheridia
- Male reproductive structures, or gametangia, in plants.
Homosporous Plant
- A type of plant producing one type of bisexual spore.
Heterosporous Plant
- A plant producing two types of spores: microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female gametophytes).
Plasmogamy
- The fusion of cytoplasm from two cells.
Karyogamy
- The fusion of nuclei from two gametes during syngamy.
Medusa
- A free-swimming, gelatinous sexual stage of coelenterates, often featuring an umbrella-shaped body and tentacles.
Larvae
- Immature forms of insects that do not resemble adult insects.
Pupae
- The developmental stage in some insects, also referred to as dolls.
Fission
- A method of asexual reproduction seen in some unicellular organisms, where a single cell divides into two.
Budding
- A reproductive strategy in which yeast and some unicellular organisms grow a new organism from the parent and then separate.
Fragmentation
- The process of breaking something down into smaller, often fine, pieces.
Regeneration
- The ability to regrow or repair lost structures or tissues in organisms.
Parthenogenesis
- A reproductive strategy where offspring develop from unfertilized eggs.
Sequential Hermaphroditism
- A phenomenon where an individual changes its sex during its lifecycle.
Protogynous
- A reproductive strategy in which females mature before males, observed in certain species such as wrasses.
Protandrous
- A reproductive condition where the male reproductive parts mature before the female parts in a flower.
External Fertilization
- A reproductive method where eggs are deposited outside the female's body and fertilized by male sperm.
Internal Fertilization
- A reproductive method where fertilization occurs inside a female's body.
Gonads
- Reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females.
Oogenesis
- The process of generating mature egg cells.
Primary Oocyte
- A diploid cell in early meiosis that can develop into an ovum once hormonally stimulated.
Secondary Oocyte
- A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division, released during ovulation along with follicular cells.
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Explore the fascinating life cycle of plants through our flashcards on alternation of generations. Understand key terms like sporophyte and gametophyte, which are crucial for grasping plant biology. Perfect for students learning about plant life cycles in biology courses.