Alternation of Generations Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the alternation of generations?

  • A process of asexual reproduction
  • A type of reproduction in unicellular organisms
  • A life cycle with both multicellular diploid and haploid forms (correct)
  • A life cycle involving only a multicellular diploid form

    • What is a sporophyte?

    The spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations.

    What is a gametophyte?

    The gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations.

    What is meiosis?

    <p>A process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are zoospores?

    <p>Flagellated spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sporangia?

    <p>Multicellular organs that produce spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sperm?

    <p>Male sex cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an egg?

    <p>Animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a zygote?

    <p>Fertilized egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fertilization?

    <p>Making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is syngamy?

    <p>The union of gametes in fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a spore?

    <p>A small usually single-celled reproductive body produced by many plants and some protozoans, developing into a new individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a spore mother cell?

    <p>Cell from which a spore develops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are archegonia?

    <p>Female gametangia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antheridia?

    <p>Male gametangia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homosporous plant?

    <p>A plant that produces a single bisexual spore type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a heterosporous plant?

    <p>A plant that produces two types of spores, some yielding male gametophytes (microspores) and others producing female gametophytes (megaspores).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasmogamy?

    <p>Fusion of cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is karyogamy?

    <p>The fusion of nuclei of two cells, as part of syngamy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a medusa?

    <p>One of the two forms that coelenterates take, free-swimming sexual stage with gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are larvae?

    <p>Immature insects that do not look like adult insects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pupae?

    <p>Dolls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fission?

    <p>Reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is budding?

    <p>Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by separation of a part of the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fragmentation?

    <p>Separating something into fine particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is regeneration?

    <p>Forming again (especially with improvements or removal of defects).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is parthenogenesis?

    <p>Unfertilized birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sequential hermaphroditism?

    <p>An individual reverses its sex during its lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protogynous?

    <p>Female first wrasses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protandrous?

    <p>When the male part of a flower matures first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is external fertilization?

    <p>The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them outside of the female.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is internal fertilization?

    <p>Process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are gonads?

    <p>Reproductive glands - male: testes; female: ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oogenesis?

    <p>The production of mature egg cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary oocyte?

    <p>Diploid cell in prophase 1 of meiosis that can be hormonally triggered to develop into an ovum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a secondary oocyte?

    <p>A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Alternation of Generations

    • Life cycle exhibiting multicellular diploid (sporophyte) and multicellular haploid (gametophyte) forms, typical in plants.

    Sporophyte

    • The diploid phase in the plant life cycle that produces spores.

    Gametophyte

    • The haploid phase in the plant life cycle responsible for producing gametes.

    Meiosis

    • A cellular process reducing chromosome count by half through homologous chromosome separation in diploid cells.

    Zoospores

    • Flagellated spores, capable of swimming.

    Sporangia

    • Multicellular organs tasked with spore production.

    Sperm

    • The male reproductive cell in sexual reproduction.

    Egg

    • The reproductive body in animals, containing an ovum or embryo with protective layers.

    Zygote

    • A fertilized egg resulting from the union of sperm and egg.

    Fertilization

    • The process of making an organism fertile, commonly associated with the union of gametes.

    Syngamy

    • The fusion of gametes during fertilization.

    Spore

    • A typically single-celled reproductive structure developed by plants and some protozoans that can grow into a new individual.

    Spore Mother Cell

    • A cell that develops into a spore.

    Archegonia

    • Female reproductive structures, or gametangia, in plants.

    Antheridia

    • Male reproductive structures, or gametangia, in plants.

    Homosporous Plant

    • A type of plant producing one type of bisexual spore.

    Heterosporous Plant

    • A plant producing two types of spores: microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female gametophytes).

    Plasmogamy

    • The fusion of cytoplasm from two cells.

    Karyogamy

    • The fusion of nuclei from two gametes during syngamy.

    Medusa

    • A free-swimming, gelatinous sexual stage of coelenterates, often featuring an umbrella-shaped body and tentacles.

    Larvae

    • Immature forms of insects that do not resemble adult insects.

    Pupae

    • The developmental stage in some insects, also referred to as dolls.

    Fission

    • A method of asexual reproduction seen in some unicellular organisms, where a single cell divides into two.

    Budding

    • A reproductive strategy in which yeast and some unicellular organisms grow a new organism from the parent and then separate.

    Fragmentation

    • The process of breaking something down into smaller, often fine, pieces.

    Regeneration

    • The ability to regrow or repair lost structures or tissues in organisms.

    Parthenogenesis

    • A reproductive strategy where offspring develop from unfertilized eggs.

    Sequential Hermaphroditism

    • A phenomenon where an individual changes its sex during its lifecycle.

    Protogynous

    • A reproductive strategy in which females mature before males, observed in certain species such as wrasses.

    Protandrous

    • A reproductive condition where the male reproductive parts mature before the female parts in a flower.

    External Fertilization

    • A reproductive method where eggs are deposited outside the female's body and fertilized by male sperm.

    Internal Fertilization

    • A reproductive method where fertilization occurs inside a female's body.

    Gonads

    • Reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females.

    Oogenesis

    • The process of generating mature egg cells.

    Primary Oocyte

    • A diploid cell in early meiosis that can develop into an ovum once hormonally stimulated.

    Secondary Oocyte

    • A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division, released during ovulation along with follicular cells.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating life cycle of plants through our flashcards on alternation of generations. Understand key terms like sporophyte and gametophyte, which are crucial for grasping plant biology. Perfect for students learning about plant life cycles in biology courses.

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