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What is the main function of root hair cells?
Xylem cells are responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
True
List the five levels of organization in a living organism.
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism
The basic unit of life is called a _____ cell.
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Match the following levels of organization with their definitions:
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Which of the following structures is found only in plant cells?
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Animal cells contain chloroplasts.
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What is the primary function of mitochondria in both plant and animal cells?
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Bacterial cells do not have a _____ but plant cells do.
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Match the type of cell with the correct organelle or feature:
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Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?
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Plant cells have a large vacuole that aids in storage.
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What are specialized cells?
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What is the main function of red blood cells?
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White blood cells help the body fight infections.
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What role do nerve cells play in the body?
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Ciliated cells contribute to the defense mechanisms of the __________ system.
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Match the specialized cells with their functions:
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Which cell is primarily responsible for carrying waste like carbon dioxide?
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Nerve cells only control muscle movement and do not influence other body functions.
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What types of functions do white blood cells perform?
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Which of the following is not an organ in the animal organ system?
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All multicellular organisms are animals.
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What is the purpose of an organ system?
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The __________ is an example of a plant organ.
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Match the following organisms to their classification:
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Which of the following organ systems is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?
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Classification groups living organisms based on their differences.
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Who formulated Binomial Nomenclature?
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Which kingdom includes multicellular organisms that are autotrophic?
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All members of the kingdom Monera are unicellular organisms.
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Name two examples of organisms that belong to the Fungi kingdom.
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Organisms in the kingdom Animalia are generally __________, meaning they cannot produce their own food.
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Match the following kingdoms with their distinguishing characteristics:
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Which kingdom contains organisms that can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic?
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Identify one organism that belongs to the kingdom Animalia.
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Fungi primarily feed on living matter.
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Study Notes
Plant and Animal Cells
- Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have a large vacuole, animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have a regular shape, animal cells have an irregular shape.
- Plant cells have a nucleus at the side, animal cells have the nucleus at the center.
Plant and Bacterial Cells
- Plant cells have mitochondria, bacterial cells do not.
- Plant cells have no flagellum, bacterial cells have a flagellum.
- Plant cells have no plasmids, bacterial cells have plasmids.
- Plant cells have no capsules, bacterial cells have capsules.
- Plant cells have a nucleus, bacterial cells do not.
- Plant cells have no pili, bacterial cells have pili.
- Plant cells have chloroplast, bacteria cells do not.
- Plant cells have large vacuoles, bacterial cells do not.
Organelles and their functions
- Mitochondria: Production of energy (both in plant and animal cells)
- Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis (only in plants)
- Vacuole: Storage of water and minerals in plant cells (only in plants)
- Cell membrane: Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell (all cells)
- Nucleus: Storage of genetic material and controlling all activities of the cell (both in plant and animals)
- Cell wall: Provides strength for the cell (both in bacteria and plant cells)
- Cytoplasm: Site for chemical reactions in the cell (all cells)
- Ribosomes: Synthesis of proteins (all cells)
Specialized Cells
- Specialized cells are cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.
Examples of Animal Specialized Cells
- Red blood cell: Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
- Nerve cell: Sends electrical signals that help you feel sensations and move your muscles.
- White blood cell: Fights infection and disease as part of the immune system.
- Ciliated cell: Helps move fluids and particles in the respiratory system.
- Root hair cell: Absorbs water from the soil.
- Xylem cell: Transports water and minerals through the stem to the leaves.
Levels of Organization
- Cells: Basic unit of life (e.g., ciliated cell, white blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell, xylem cell)
- Tissue: Group of similar cells linked together that perform the same function (e.g., muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue)
- Organ: Group of tissues that perform a specific function (e.g., stomach, heart, skin, kidney, liver, spleen, intestines, gall bladder, pancreas, leaves, stem, roots, fruits, flowers)
- Organ system: Group of organs that work together to fulfill a specific purpose (e.g., nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system, shoot organ system, root organ system)
- Organism: A living thing that can function on its own (e.g., humans, plants, fungi, bacteria, archaea)
Classification
- Classification is a method of grouping living organisms based on their similarities.
Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature is a system of naming living organisms using a two-word name, proposed by Carl Linnaeus.
- The first word represents the genus, and the second word represents the species.
Kingdom
-
Animalia:
- Have a nervous system.
- Can move from one place to another.
- Are heterotrophic (feed on other organisms).
- Multicellular with many organs.
- Examples: cow, tiger, monkey, butterfly, dog, platypus, whale, cat, eagle, racoon, koala.
-
Plantae:
- Autotrophic (make their own food through photosynthesis).
- Multicellular with organs like leaves, stems, and roots.
- Examples: mango tree, tulips, cactus, sunflower, daisies, lavender, lily of the valley, orchids, palm trees, rose bush, chrysanthemum, guarana, kelp.
-
Fungi:
- Heterotrophic.
- Produce/release spores.
- Feed on dead decaying matter.
- Examples: mushrooms, yeast, bracket fungi, toadstools, moulds.
-
Protoctista:
- Some have chlorophyll and can make their own food (autotrophic), while some are heterotrophic.
- Unicellular and multicellular organisms.
- Examples: Euglena, algae, amoeba, plasmodium.
-
Monera/Prokaryote:
- Unicellular.
- Extremely small.
- Prokaryotic cells (lack a nucleus).
- Some cause diseases, not all.
- Examples: All bacteria.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as plant and bacterial cells. This quiz explores the unique structures and functions of various organelles. Prepare to refresh your understanding of cellular biology!
