Plant and Animal Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Storage of starch

Energy production

Protein synthesis

Photosynthesis (correct)

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

Nucleus

Centrioles

Vacuole

Cell wall (correct)

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its time?

Prophase

Metaphase

Interphase (correct)

Cytokinesis

What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

Protein assembly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the energy storage form in animals from that in plants?

Animals store energy as glycogen, while plants store it as starch Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for controlling cell activities?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the vacuole in plant cells?

Storing water, nutrients, and waste Signup and view all the answers

What process is referred to as the controlled death of a cell?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for moving food along the digestive system?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells?

Embryonic stem cells have more plasticity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the heart in animals?

Pumps blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What tissue type lines the organs of the digestive system?

Epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of food passage through the digestive system?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lungs in the respiratory system?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for the transportation of nutrients and waste within the body?

Circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates cancer cells from normal cells?

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant and Animal Cells

Differences between plant and animal cells:
- Plant cells have chloroplasts (chlorophyll), animal cells do not.
- Plant cells contain a large central vacuole; animal cells may have small vacuoles.
- Plant cells have a rigid cell wall; animal cells do not.
- Plants store energy as starch or oils; animals store energy as glycogen.
- Animal cells possess centrioles; plant cells generally do not.
Organelles and their functions:
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell.
- Chromosomes: Carry genetic information.
- Nucleolus: Small, dense area within the nucleus.
- Ribosome: Site of protein production.
- Cell Membrane: Protective barrier around the cell.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transports materials (rough ER for protein synthesis, smooth ER for lipid synthesis).
- Mitochondria: Cellular energy powerhouse.
- Golgi Apparatus: Packages proteins.
- Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, and waste.
- Lysosome: Breaks down waste and cellular debris.
- Centriole: Involved in cell division.
- Cell Wall: Rigid, protective outer layer of plant cells.
- Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plants, contain chlorophyll.

The Cell Cycle

Mitosis stages: (Illustrative; include diagrams)
- Mitosis: cell division. Cytokinesis: splitting of cytoplasm.
- Prophase: chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, nuclear membrane reforms.
Interphase: Cell growth precedes mitosis
- Growth phase 1 (G1): Cell grows, proteins and organelles are produced.
- Synthesis phase (S): DNA is copied.
- Growth phase 2 (G2): Organelles and structures needed for division are made.
Cytokinesis vs. Mitosis: Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm during mitosis.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death.

Cell Specialization

Stem cells vs. regular cells: Stem cells are unspecialized; regular cells are specialized. Embryonic stem cells are more versatile than adult stem cells.
Differentiation: The process where cells develop different structures and functions.
Cell Specialization: Cells develop specific structures to perform particular tasks.

Cancer Cells

Cancer: Uncontrolled cell division.
Normal cells vs. cancer cells: Normal cells stop dividing under appropriate conditions. Cancer cells ignore growth signals, divide uncontrollably, spread, and disrupt other cell behavior.

Animal Tissues

Animal Tissue Types and Functions:
- Epithelial: Lines body cavities and surfaces. Protection, secretion (glands)
- Connective: Supports and protects structures. (blood, bones, cartilage, tendons)
- Muscle: Allows for movement. (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
- Nervous: Responds to stimuli and transmits information. (brain, spinal chord)

Animal Organs

Organ Function Examples:
- Heart: Pumps blood.
- Stomach: Churns food, mixes with digestive juices.
- Intestines: Absorbs nutrients and water.
- Lungs: Gas exchange.
- Skin: Regulates temperature, protection.

Organ Systems

Organ System Examples:
- Digestive: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination. (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gall bladder)
- Circulatory: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes. (heart, blood vessels)
- Respiratory: Gas exchange. (lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli)
- Nervous: Controls body functions, signals (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
- Excretory: Eliminates wastes (Kidneys, bladder)
- Digestive system pathway: Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus.
- Organs NOT part of the digestive passage: Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
- Muscle type in the digestive system: Smooth muscle.
- Digestive organ lining: Epithelial tissue.
- Respiratory gas exchange location: Alveoli in the lungs.
- Circulatory and respiratory connection: Respiratory system provides oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide. The circulatory system delivers oxygenated blood to cells and takes carbon dioxide back to the lungs for removal.

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Description

Test your understanding of the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as the functions of various organelles. This quiz covers key concepts like cellular structure, energy storage, and the unique features that distinguish plant cells from animal cells.