Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Maintains shape and size of the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out.
Which of the following are types of protoplasm in a cell with a nucleus?
Animal cells and plant cells have the same organelles.
False
What are ribosomes responsible for?
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The jellylike material enclosed by the cell membrane is called ______.
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What types of structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Overview
- Cells are the basic units of life, demonstrating structure and function unique to their types.
- Microscopes have significantly advanced the study of cells, revealing their functions and intricate structures.
Types of Cells
- Major categories include plant cells, animal cells, and bacterial cells, each with distinct structural features and functions.
Cell Membrane
- Composed of a delicate, semi-permeable double layer of lipid molecules, embedded with proteins.
- Key functions include:
- Maintaining the cell's shape and size.
- Acting as a boundary, separating the internal environment from the external one.
- Regulating movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Protoplasm
- The jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane, categorized into:
- Cytoplasm: Material outside the nucleus, where organelles reside.
- Karyoplasm (Nucleoplasm): Substance within the nucleus.
Organelles and Their Functions
- Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes: Small structures made of RNA and proteins involved in protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Divided into rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes), involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Golgi Apparatus: Functions in packaging and shipping proteins and lipids to their destinations.
- Vesicles: Storage units for substances within the cell.
Centrosome and Centrioles
- Essential for cell division, aiding in the organization of microtubules during mitosis.
Specialized Structures in Plant Cells
- Cell Wall: Provides support and protection, made of cellulose.
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Plastids:
- Chloroplasts: Involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
- Leucoplasts: Storage of starch and other compounds.
Comparison of Cellular Structures
- Plant and animal cells share many features but also differ due to specific organelles present in plant cells that are absent in animal cells.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the different parts of the cell, including their structures and functions. It encourages comparison between plant, animal, and bacterial cells, highlighting their unique characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of cellular structures in overall body functions.
