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What is the main function of parenchyma cells in plants?
What is the main function of parenchyma cells in plants?
What is the characteristic feature of collenchyma cells?
What is the characteristic feature of collenchyma cells?
What is the function of sclerenchyma cells?
What is the function of sclerenchyma cells?
What is the purpose of trichomes on the epidermis?
What is the purpose of trichomes on the epidermis?
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What is the function of root hairs?
What is the function of root hairs?
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What is the function of stomata?
What is the function of stomata?
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What is the purpose of the cuticle on the stem?
What is the purpose of the cuticle on the stem?
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What is the characteristic feature of sclereids?
What is the characteristic feature of sclereids?
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What is the function of xylem in vascular tissues?
What is the function of xylem in vascular tissues?
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What is the type of parenchyma cell that contains chloroplasts?
What is the type of parenchyma cell that contains chloroplasts?
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Study Notes
Tissue Types
- Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are three main tissue types.
Meristematic Tissue
- Main site of cell division.
- Types: apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems.
Ground Tissue
- Neither vascular nor dermal.
- Functions: support of the plant.
- Consists of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Ground Parenchyma
- Uniformly thin-walled, alive at maturity.
- Functions: photosynthesis, storage, secretion, wound-healing, and cloning.
- Generic plant cell, spherically shaped.
- Most abundant and versatile.
- Functions include food storage, flesh of fruit, storage in roots and seeds, and basic metabolism.
- Has the primary cell wall (cellulose).
Types of Ground Parenchyma Cells
- Chlorenchyma: photosynthetic parenchyma cells, contain chloroplasts.
- Storage parenchyma: contain lots of amyloplasts.
- Aerenchyma: large air spaces.
- Stellate parenchyma: highly branched with adjacent cells connected by branches.
Ground Collenchyma
- Unevenly thickened walls, irregular, alive at maturity.
- Functions mainly for support in primary growth.
Ground Sclerenchyma
- Evenly thickened walls, dead at maturity.
- Provides strength, support, and protection.
- Do not retain their protoplasts at maturity.
- Cell walls absorb stains, often very visible.
Fibers and Sclereids
- Fibers: unbranched, for conduction of water, sugar, nutrients.
- Sclereids: for protection, have both primary and secondary cell walls (lignified).
Types of Sclereids
- Brachysclereids: stone cells.
- Macrosclereids: rod-like.
- Osteosclereids: bone cells.
- Astrosclereids: star cells.
Vascular Tissues
- Transport substances through the plant body.
- Consists of xylem and phloem.
- Xylem: conducts water and nutrients from roots to shoots.
- Phloem: conducts sugars and amino acids from leaves to roots or flowers.
Dermal Tissues
- Outer layer of tissues surrounding the entire plant.
- Functions: protection, gas exchange, and water absorption.
- Epidermis: made of parenchyma cells in a single layer.
- Cuticle: comprised of a single layer of epidermal cells, provides protection.
Epidermal Structures
- Stem: has cuticle for prevention of water loss.
- Roots: aid in water and mineral absorption, lack a cuticle.
- Stoma/stomatal pore: for entry and exit of gases.
- Guard cells: regulate the size of stomata, control gas exchange and water loss.
- Trichomes: hairs on the epidermis for protection and prevent water loss.
- Root hairs: increase the root surface area for absorption.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of plant anatomy, including the main types of plant tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Understand the functions of each tissue and their roles in plant growth and development.
