Biology: Plant and Animal Tissues

Study Notes

Parenchyma: Living cells with thin walls, involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.
Collenchyma: Elongated cells with thickened corners, providing mechanical support and flexibility.
Sclerenchyma: Dead cells with thick, lignified walls, providing structural support and protection.

Xylem: Responsible for water and mineral conduction, composed of tracheids, vessels, and xylem parenchyma.
Phloem: Responsible for sugar conduction, composed of sieve cells, companion cells, and phloem parenchyma.

Neurons: Specialized cells that transmit and process information through electrical and chemical signals.
Glial cells: Provide support, protection, and maintenance functions for neurons.

Skeletal muscle: Voluntary muscle that is attached to bones and helps with movement.
Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle that is found in the walls of hollow organs and helps with contraction and relaxation.
Cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscle that is found in the heart and helps with heart function.

Functions: Protection, secretion, absorption, and sensation.
Types:
- Squamous epithelium: Thin, flat cells for protection and diffusion.
- Cuboidal epithelium: Cube-shaped cells for secretion and absorption.
- Columnar epithelium: Tall, column-shaped cells for protection and secretion.
- Transitional epithelium: Specialized cells that can stretch and return to their original shape.

Parenchyma cells are living, with thin walls, and are involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.
Collenchyma cells are elongated, with thickened corners, providing mechanical support and flexibility.
Sclerenchyma cells are dead, with thick, lignified walls, providing structural support and protection.

Xylem tissue is responsible for water and mineral conduction, comprising tracheids, vessels, and xylem parenchyma.
Phloem tissue is responsible for sugar conduction, comprising sieve cells, companion cells, and phloem parenchyma.

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit and process information through electrical and chemical signals.
Glial cells provide support, protection, and maintenance functions for neurons.

Skeletal muscle is voluntary, attached to bones, and helps with movement.
Smooth muscle is involuntary, found in hollow organs, and helps with contraction and relaxation.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary, found in the heart, and helps with heart function.

Epithelial tissue has functions including protection, secretion, absorption, and sensation.
There are four main types of epithelial tissue:
- Squamous epithelium: thin, flat cells for protection and diffusion.
- Cuboidal epithelium: cube-shaped cells for secretion and absorption.
- Columnar epithelium: tall, column-shaped cells for protection and secretion.
- Transitional epithelium: specialized cells that can stretch and return to their original shape.