Placentation
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic discussed in the text?

  • Sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract
  • Maternal adaptations to pregnancy
  • Placentation
  • Pre-implantation nutrition (correct)

    • What is the function of the placenta?

  • To support the maternal anatomy
  • To provide nutrients to the developing fetus (correct)
  • To develop the reproductive tract
  • To determine the sex of the fetus

    • Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of the mother's body during pregnancy?

  • Physiological changes
  • Metabolic changes
  • Anatomical changes
  • Development of the reproductive tract (correct)

    • What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal body?

    <p>Positive impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of placental hormones in the maternal body?

    <p>To regulate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

    <p>Determination of sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of nutrients during the pre-implantation stage?

    <p>Uterine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Up to what stage does the pre-implantation period last?

    <p>Blastocyst-stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the nutrition during the pre-implantation stage?

    <p>Histiotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the period after implantation?

    <p>Post-implantation stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum and suppresses the maternal immune system?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quiets the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases glucose and increases fatty acid metabolism in the mother, and develops breasts?

    <p>hCS/hPL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates cortisol production via the fetal H-P-adrenal axis?

    <p>CRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>13 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the gene on the Y chromosome that controls 'maleness'?

    <p>SRY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells and regulates testis development?

    <p>MIF/AMH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by Leydig cells and is responsible for male genitalia development?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nutrition is achieved through the haemochorial placenta in humans?

    <p>Haemotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the development of the placenta start?

    <p>Beginning of Week 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

    <p>End of Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta in maternal acceptance of the fetus?

    <p>Delivers maternal antibodies to fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extraembryonic mesoderm in the development of the placenta?

    <p>Differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates maternal and fetal blood in the placenta?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chorion in the decidua capsularis during placenta development?

    <p>It is compressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the placenta?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are present in the umbilical cord?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

    <p>End of Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic discussed in the text?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>30-35 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal body?

    <p>Increased respiratory tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

    <p>Third trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Up to what stage does the pre-implantation period last?

    <p>Blastocyst-stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

    <p>Determination of sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the placenta?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

    <p>During the first trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quiets the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the SRY gene in humans?

    <p>It produces testis determining factor (TDF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the genetic sex in humans?

    <p>The presence of the SRY gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosomes determine the sex of offspring in humans?

    <p>X and Y chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Sertoli cells in testis development?

    <p>They produce müllerian inhibitory factor/anti-müllerian hormone (MIF/AMH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the development of male genitalia?

    <p>Testosterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic sex of an individual with XX chromosomes?

    <p>Female.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic sex of an individual with XY chromosomes?

    <p>Male.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by Leydig cells in testis development?

    <p>Testosterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells in testis development?

    <p>Müllerian inhibitory factor/anti-müllerian hormone (MIF/AMH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the development of female genitalia?

    <p>Estrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

    <p>Producing antibodies for the foetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the development of the placenta start?

    <p>Beginning of Week 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorion in placenta development?

    <p>It becomes highly vascularized and projects into maternal blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the type of nutrition achieved through the haemochorial placenta in humans?

    <p>Hemochorial nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are present in the umbilical cord?

    <p>Umbilical arteries and umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

    <p>End of Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the placenta?

    <p>Transporting nutrients from maternal circulation to foetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

    <p>End of Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for male genitalia development and is produced by Leydig cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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