Placentation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic discussed in the text?

  • Sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract
  • Maternal adaptations to pregnancy
  • Placentation
  • Pre-implantation nutrition (correct)

What is the function of the placenta?

  • To support the maternal anatomy
  • To provide nutrients to the developing fetus (correct)
  • To develop the reproductive tract
  • To determine the sex of the fetus

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of the mother's body during pregnancy?

  • Physiological changes
  • Metabolic changes
  • Anatomical changes
  • Development of the reproductive tract (correct)

What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal body?

<p>Positive impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of placental hormones in the maternal body?

<p>To regulate metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

<p>Determination of sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of nutrients during the pre-implantation stage?

<p>Uterine secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Up to what stage does the pre-implantation period last?

<p>Blastocyst-stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the nutrition during the pre-implantation stage?

<p>Histiotrophic nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the period after implantation?

<p>Post-implantation stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum and suppresses the maternal immune system?

<p>hCG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quiets the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases glucose and increases fatty acid metabolism in the mother, and develops breasts?

<p>hCS/hPL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates cortisol production via the fetal H-P-adrenal axis?

<p>CRH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

<p>9 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight gain during pregnancy?

<p>13 kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gene on the Y chromosome that controls 'maleness'?

<p>SRY (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells and regulates testis development?

<p>MIF/AMH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by Leydig cells and is responsible for male genitalia development?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nutrition is achieved through the haemochorial placenta in humans?

<p>Haemotrophic nutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the development of the placenta start?

<p>Beginning of Week 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

<p>End of Week 12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the placenta in maternal acceptance of the fetus?

<p>Delivers maternal antibodies to fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extraembryonic mesoderm in the development of the placenta?

<p>Differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates maternal and fetal blood in the placenta?

<p>Syncytiotrophoblast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chorion in the decidua capsularis during placenta development?

<p>It is compressed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the placenta?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are present in the umbilical cord?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

<p>End of Week 12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic discussed in the text?

<p>Fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight gain during pregnancy?

<p>30-35 pounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal body?

<p>Increased respiratory tidal volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

<p>Third trimester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Up to what stage does the pre-implantation period last?

<p>Blastocyst-stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

<p>Determination of sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

<p>During the first trimester (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quiets the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the SRY gene in humans?

<p>It produces testis determining factor (TDF). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the genetic sex in humans?

<p>The presence of the SRY gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes determine the sex of offspring in humans?

<p>X and Y chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Sertoli cells in testis development?

<p>They produce müllerian inhibitory factor/anti-müllerian hormone (MIF/AMH). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the development of male genitalia?

<p>Testosterone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic sex of an individual with XX chromosomes?

<p>Female. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic sex of an individual with XY chromosomes?

<p>Male. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by Leydig cells in testis development?

<p>Testosterone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells in testis development?

<p>Müllerian inhibitory factor/anti-müllerian hormone (MIF/AMH). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the development of female genitalia?

<p>Estrogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

<p>Producing antibodies for the foetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the development of the placenta start?

<p>Beginning of Week 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the chorion in placenta development?

<p>It becomes highly vascularized and projects into maternal blood supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the type of nutrition achieved through the haemochorial placenta in humans?

<p>Hemochorial nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are present in the umbilical cord?

<p>Umbilical arteries and umbilical vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully functional after fertilization?

<p>End of Week 12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the placenta?

<p>Transporting nutrients from maternal circulation to foetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does the uterus dramatically enlarge?

<p>End of Week 12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments?

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for male genitalia development and is produced by Leydig cells?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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