Pituitary-Hypothalamic Relationships Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most biologically active thyroid hormone?

  • TBG
  • rT3
  • T4
  • T3 (correct)

In which condition would you expect a decrease in total T3/T4 levels?

  • OCP use
  • Steroid use (correct)
  • Pregnancy
  • Nephrotic syndrome

Which enzyme converts T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues?

  • 5'-iodinase (correct)
  • Thyroglobulin
  • Lysosomal enzyme
  • Parafollicular cells

What is the action of calcitonin released from the thyroid gland?

<p>Decreases bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyroxine-binding globulins (TBGs) in thyroid hormone transport?

<p>Binding and transporting T3/T4 in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to an increase in total T3/T4 levels?

<p>Estrogen therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major stimulus for the release of insulin?

<p>Falling blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the pancreas release insulin?

<p>Beta (𝛽) cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from the absence of insulin?

<p>Type 1 DM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of insulin on blood glucose levels?

<p>Decrease blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cardinal signs associated with diabetes mellitus?

<p>Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gluconeogenesis?

<p>Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrate molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

<p>Regulating the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are oxytocin and ADH synthesized?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of oxytocin and ADH from the posterior pituitary?

<p>Impulses from the hypothalamic neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin and ADH?

<p>Paraventricular nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxytocin in the body?

<p>Stimulating milk ejection and uterine contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus influence the anterior pituitary gland?

<p>Secretes hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary's hormone output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major stimulus for the release of Aldosterone from the Zona Glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex?

<p>Increased Na+ content in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary effect of Aldosterone action?

<p>Increased K+ secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenal zone secretes mineralocorticoids like Aldosterone?

<p>Zona Glomerulosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Aldosterone in the body?

<p>To increase Na+ reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for Aldosterone release from the Zona Glomerulosa?

<p>Increased serum sodium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the Zona Reticularis of the Adrenal Cortex?

<p>Androgens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sex hormone is produced by the male gonads?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in females?

<p>FSH, LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland?

<p>Affects sleep-wake cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which times of the day do peak and lowest levels of melatonin generally occur?

<p>Peak: Night, Lowest: Noon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland receives indirect input concerning daylight intensity and duration to regulate melatonin secretion?

<p>Pineal gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the maturation of male reproductive organs and sex drive?

<p>Testosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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