Pituitary-Hypothalamic Relationships Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most biologically active thyroid hormone?

  • TBG
  • rT3
  • T4
  • T3 (correct)
  • In which condition would you expect a decrease in total T3/T4 levels?

  • OCP use
  • Steroid use (correct)
  • Pregnancy
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Which enzyme converts T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues?

  • 5'-iodinase (correct)
  • Thyroglobulin
  • Lysosomal enzyme
  • Parafollicular cells
  • What is the action of calcitonin released from the thyroid gland?

    <p>Decreases bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroxine-binding globulins (TBGs) in thyroid hormone transport?

    <p>Binding and transporting T3/T4 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to an increase in total T3/T4 levels?

    <p>Estrogen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major stimulus for the release of insulin?

    <p>Falling blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the pancreas release insulin?

    <p>Beta (𝛽) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from the absence of insulin?

    <p>Type 1 DM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of insulin on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Decrease blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three cardinal signs associated with diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Regulating the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are oxytocin and ADH synthesized?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of oxytocin and ADH from the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Impulses from the hypothalamic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin and ADH?

    <p>Paraventricular nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxytocin in the body?

    <p>Stimulating milk ejection and uterine contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hypothalamus influence the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Secretes hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary's hormone output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major stimulus for the release of Aldosterone from the Zona Glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex?

    <p>Increased Na+ content in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary effect of Aldosterone action?

    <p>Increased K+ secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenal zone secretes mineralocorticoids like Aldosterone?

    <p>Zona Glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Aldosterone in the body?

    <p>To increase Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for Aldosterone release from the Zona Glomerulosa?

    <p>Increased serum sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the Zona Reticularis of the Adrenal Cortex?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sex hormone is produced by the male gonads?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in females?

    <p>FSH, LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland?

    <p>Affects sleep-wake cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which times of the day do peak and lowest levels of melatonin generally occur?

    <p>Peak: Night, Lowest: Noon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland receives indirect input concerning daylight intensity and duration to regulate melatonin secretion?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the maturation of male reproductive organs and sex drive?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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