L15 (T1): Lactation, Galactorrhoea, prolactinomas
53 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the general advice regarding increasing the dose of hydrocortisone for patients with Addison's disease?

  • Increase the dose only for extreme physical activities like running a marathon.
  • Maintain a low maintenance dose for day to day activities and increase only for significant deviations from routine. (correct)
  • Increase the dose for any trivial stressor to maintain balance.
  • Maintain a consistently high dose to avoid the need for frequent adjustments.

    • When should patients with Addison's disease increase their dose of hydrocortisone?

  • For any minor change in routine.
  • Only when feeling unwell or having a fever. (correct)
  • Before engaging in any physical activity.
  • Before any stressful situation.

    • What is the risk of frequently increasing the dose of hydrocortisone for patients with Addison's disease?

  • It leads to chronic under treatment of the condition.
  • It may result in decreased tolerance to stress. (correct)
  • It causes rapid metabolism of hydrocortisone.
  • It can cause resistance to hydrocortisone.

    • What type of activities are the standard doses of hydrocortisone sufficient to cover for patients with Addison's disease?

    <p>Day to day activities and minor stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speaker's stance on increasing the dose of hydrocortisone for trivial reasons?

    <p>It should be avoided as it leads to chronic over-treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for dosing hydrocortisone for patients with Addison's disease during day to day activities?

    <p>Maintain a low maintenance dose and increase only for specific circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Polycystic ovary syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of hyperprolactinemia in men?

    <p>Gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hormones involved in lactation?

    <p>Prolactin and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can non-functioning adenomas cause high prolactin?

    <p>By inhibiting dopamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates breast tissue changes during lactation?

    <p>Estrogen and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when assessing a patient with high prolactin levels?

    <p>Thyroid function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dopamine in lactation?

    <p>Inhibits release of prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to temporary elevation of prolactin levels?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high prolactin and absence of periods indicate?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of large prolactinomas in men?

    <p>Headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oxytocin in lactation?

    <p>Mechanically regulate milk removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of breast milk produced during breastfeeding?

    <p>Sugars, fats, proteins, immune components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do high prolactin levels play in the body?

    <p>Enhance brain development in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of hyperprolactinemia in women?

    <p>Increased risk of osteoporosis due to low estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin in the body?

    <p>Play a role in uterine contractions and maternal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does hyperprolactinemia have on men?

    <p>Infertility due to gonadal axis suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adaptations for pregnancy mentioned in the text?

    <p>Prepare the body and brain to nurture the baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone levels can be measured in men to obtain similar information from menstrual history in women?

    <p>Gonadotropin and testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs are typically used for medical treatment of prolactinomas?

    <p>Dopaminergic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome for microprolactinomas after childbirth?

    <p>They can disappear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of treatment for hyperprolactinemia with drugs like cabergoline?

    <p>About two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of treatment for pituitary disorders, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Restoring fertility, addressing troublesome symptoms, and maintaining healthy bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of dopaminergic drugs used for prolactinomas?

    <p>Fibrosis and psychiatric disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating breast tissue changes during lactation?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone associated with the brain's response to hormonal changes during pregnancy?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for inhibiting prolactin release?

    <p>Dopamine (DA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia in women?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of treatment for macroprolactinoma?

    <p>Shrink the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to inhibit prolactin release?

    <p>Cabergoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone that stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is associated with the nurturing of offspring and enhanced brain development?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone that may need to be monitored in a patient with hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the release of breast milk during lactation?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone that is elevated during pregnancy and lactation?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the inhibition of prolactin release?

    <p>Dopamine (DA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hormones involved in lactation?

    <p>Oxytocin and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of breast milk produced during breastfeeding?

    <p>Lactose, milk fats, proteins, minerals, growth factors, and cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates breast tissue changes during lactation?

    <p>Regular removal of milk and nipple stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oxytocin in lactation?

    <p>Stimulating milk let-down through myoepithelial contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of prolactin on menstrual cycles and fertility?

    <p>Inhibits GnRH, LH, and FSH, leading to reduced estrogen and testosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dopamine in lactation?

    <p>Inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are involved in milk production (lactogenesis) and secretory activation?

    <p>Progesterone, prolactin, and cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin in the body?

    <p>Stimulating uterine contractions at birth and myoepithelial contraction in the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>5HT (serotonin), TRH, and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of lactational amenorrhea on contraceptive efficacy?

    <p>The contraceptive efficacy depends on the frequency and duration of breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in breast development?

    <p>Stimulates alveolar buds and lobules during puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pituitary Disorders and Treatment

    • Gonadotropin and testosterone levels can be measured in men, while estrogen levels can be measured in women, often obtaining similar information from menstrual history.
    • MRI scan of the pituitary may be necessary based on menstrual history to detect micro or macro adenoma, which can affect vision and pituitary function.
    • Treatment aims include restoring fertility, addressing troublesome symptoms, restoring menstrual periods and sexual function, and maintaining healthy bones.
    • Prolactin can be treated directly or with exogenous hormone treatment (estrogen or testosterone) depending on the situation.
    • Medical treatment for prolactinomas involves dopaminergic drugs like cabergoline, which can inhibit prolactin production and shrink the adenoma.
    • Dopaminergic drugs rarely cause side effects such as fibrosis and psychiatric disturbances, which should be discussed with patients before treatment.
    • Patients with microprolactinomas not interested in fertility may not need specific treatment and can use estrogen (HRT or birth control pill).
    • Fertility treatment with cabergoline for microprolactinomas can be stopped once pregnancy is established, and microprolactinomas can disappear after childbirth.
    • Treatment for hyperprolactinemia is typically for about two years, often with cabergoline, to prevent recurrence.
    • Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia is often related to a small clump of cells in the pituitary overproducing prolactin, usually not visible on MRI scans.
    • It is important to accurately diagnose and understand the type of pituitary disorder being treated.
    • The text discusses the treatment and management of pituitary disorders, particularly focusing on prolactinomas and hyperprolactinemia, detailing medical and fertility-related treatment options and potential outcomes.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    LACTATION AND PROLACTINOMAS_student central 2020_rev.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of pituitary disorders and their treatment with this quiz. Explore the different treatment options for prolactinomas and hyperprolactinemia, including medical and fertility-related treatments, and learn about potential outcomes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser