Pioneers of Microbiology and Immunology

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Questions and Answers

According to the passage, which of the following would be considered a 'host factor'?

  • The time period
  • The patient (correct)
  • The agent or microorganism
  • The environment or place

Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of epidemiology mentioned in the passage?

  • To identify the etiology or cause of the disease
  • To study the progression of a disease
  • To determine the extent of the disease
  • To develop a cure for the disease (correct)

What is the primary definition of a pandemic according to the passage?

  • A disease that is occurring worldwide
  • A disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously (correct)
  • A disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in a single country
  • A disease that is occurring in a single country

Which of the following is NOT considered a 'host factor' according to the passage?

<p>The agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a 'carrier' and a 'contact' according to the passage?

<p>A carrier harbors the organism and can transmit the disease, while a contact has been in association with an infected person, animal or thing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a 'patient' and a 'suspect' according to the passage?

<p>A patient is a person who harbors the organism and can transmit the disease, while a suspect is a person whose medical history and signs/symptoms suggest a particular disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a disease that is widespread within a population or a geographic location?

<p>endemic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about epidemic diseases?

<p>Diseases that spread in an increasing rate and abruptly disappear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vector?

<p>an organism that transmits the disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of malaria?

<p>plasmodia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the cause or causes of a disease and/or condition?

<p>etiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should nurses study epidemiology?

<p>both a and b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does frequency refer to in epidemiology?

<p>Number of health events in a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of health events by time, place, and people?

<p>Distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of an epidemiologist according to the text?

<p>Understanding causes of diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes diseases that are easily transmitted from one person to another?

<p>Communicable diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do epidemiologists study 'what pathogen is causing the infection'?

<p>To identify the host of the pathogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what do terms like 'incidence rate' and 'mortality rate' specifically refer to?

<p>Rates of disease occurrence and death in a population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the field of immunology?

<p>The study of the immune system and immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists is known as the 'Father of Microbiology'?

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process developed by Louis Pasteur that is used to kill harmful microorganisms in food and beverages?

<p>Pasteurization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the development of 'aseptic surgery'?

<p>Joseph Lister (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the importance of microbiology is NOT true?

<p>Microorganisms are only found in the environment and not in the human body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist discovered the antibiotic penicillin?

<p>Alexander Fleming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-pathogenic microorganism?

<p>Salmonella typhi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of non-pathogenic bacteria in the human body?

<p>To inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and provide benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the normal flora in the human body?

<p>Producing toxins to kill pathogenic bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a resident flora in the human body?

<p>Escherichia coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which normal flora prevents pathogenic microorganisms from attacking tissues?

<p>By producing mucin to prevent attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-pathogenic microorganisms is NOT true?

<p>They produce toxins to kill pathogenic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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