Pioneers of Microbiology and Immunology

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According to the passage, which of the following would be considered a 'host factor'?

The time period

The patient (correct)

The agent or microorganism

The environment or place

Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of epidemiology mentioned in the passage?

To identify the etiology or cause of the disease

To study the progression of a disease

To determine the extent of the disease

To develop a cure for the disease (correct)

What is the primary definition of a pandemic according to the passage?

A disease that is occurring worldwide

A disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously (correct)

A disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in a single country

A disease that is occurring in a single country

Which of the following is NOT considered a 'host factor' according to the passage?

The agent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a 'carrier' and a 'contact' according to the passage?

A carrier harbors the organism and can transmit the disease, while a contact has been in association with an infected person, animal or thing. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a 'patient' and a 'suspect' according to the passage?

A patient is a person who harbors the organism and can transmit the disease, while a suspect is a person whose medical history and signs/symptoms suggest a particular disease. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a disease that is widespread within a population or a geographic location?

endemic (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about epidemic diseases?

Diseases that spread in an increasing rate and abruptly disappear (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a vector?

an organism that transmits the disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of malaria?

plasmodia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the cause or causes of a disease and/or condition?

etiology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should nurses study epidemiology?

both a and b (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does frequency refer to in epidemiology?

Number of health events in a population (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of health events by time, place, and people?

Distribution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of an epidemiologist according to the text?

Understanding causes of diseases (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes diseases that are easily transmitted from one person to another?

Communicable diseases (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do epidemiologists study 'what pathogen is causing the infection'?

To identify the host of the pathogen (A) Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what do terms like 'incidence rate' and 'mortality rate' specifically refer to?

Rates of disease occurrence and death in a population (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the field of immunology?

The study of the immune system and immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists is known as the 'Father of Microbiology'?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process developed by Louis Pasteur that is used to kill harmful microorganisms in food and beverages?

Pasteurization (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the development of 'aseptic surgery'?

Joseph Lister (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the importance of microbiology is NOT true?

Microorganisms are only found in the environment and not in the human body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist discovered the antibiotic penicillin?

Alexander Fleming (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-pathogenic microorganism?

Salmonella typhi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of non-pathogenic bacteria in the human body?

To inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and provide benefits (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the normal flora in the human body?

Producing toxins to kill pathogenic bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a resident flora in the human body?

Escherichia coli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which normal flora prevents pathogenic microorganisms from attacking tissues?

By producing mucin to prevent attachment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-pathogenic microorganisms is NOT true?

They produce toxins to kill pathogenic bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers