Physiology: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the autonomic nervous system?

  • To control voluntary movement
  • To process signals in the brain
  • To transmit motor signals from the CNS to effector organs (correct)
  • To transmit sensory signals to the brain

    • Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal tract?

  • The enteric autonomic nervous system (correct)
  • The somatic nervous system
  • The central nervous system
  • The sympathetic nervous system

    • How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

  • It increases the force of contraction, leading to an increase in cardiac output (correct)
  • It has a variable effect on heart rate depending on the situation
  • It decreases heart rate
  • It has no effect on heart rate

    • How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>It decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood flow?

    <p>It causes vasoconstriction, leading to decreased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect secretion?

    <p>It increases most secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the physiological changes that occur when attacked by a bear?

    <p>To prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that occurs during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>Increase in urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the increased blood flow to skeletal muscles during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>To improve oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>To secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine to further activate the sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pupil dilation (mydriasis) that occurs during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>To improve visual acuity and focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) motility during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>To redirect blood flow away from the digestive system and towards the skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of increased aldosterone release?

    <p>Increased sodium and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased renal blood flow on renin release?

    <p>Increased renin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the uterus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterine relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the liver?

    <p>Increases glucose production via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the lacrimal gland?

    <p>Increases lacrimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the male genitalia?

    <p>Causes ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is found in the adrenal medulla and leads to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

    <p>Nicotinic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate the eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter released from the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at the target tissue?

    <p>Muscarinic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is found on the postganglionic sympathetic neurons at the target tissue?

    <p>Adrenergic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is found on the postganglionic neuron that innervates the renal blood vessels and leads to vasodilation?

    <p>Dopaminergic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons make up the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Neurons that arise from the CNS and innervate skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is stimulated by sympathetic response in the heart to increase heart rate?

    <p>B1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic response in the urinary bladder?

    <p>Contraction of bladder muscle (detrusor muscle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic response have on the GIT?

    <p>Decrease peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the drug is an agonist on a sympathetic nervous system in the GIT?

    <p>Relaxes smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sympathetic innervation affect the kidney?

    <p>Increase renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is responsible for decreasing urination (urinary retention) due to a sympathetic response in the urinary bladder?

    <p>Beta 2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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