Physiology Chapter 1 Quiz

False (B)

N-glycosidic bond

<p>concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solute = The liquid into which solutes dissolve Solvent = Any substance that dissolves in a liquid Solution = The combination of solutes dissolved in a solvent Concentration = The degree to which a molecule is able to dissolve in a solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular fluid (ECF) and Intracellular fluid (ICF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent variable = The factor being manipulated or changed in an experiment. Dependent variable = The factor being measured or observed in an experiment. Placebo effect = A positive response to a treatment due to expectation, even if the treatment is inactive. Nocebo effect = A negative response to a treatment due to expectation, even if the treatment is inactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prospective study follows a group of individuals forward in time, while a longitudinal study can follow a group over an extended period, looking backward and forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break down bacteria and old organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria = ATP production Golgi Apparatus = Protein packaging Lysosomes = Digestive enzymes Peroxisomes = Break down fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are undifferentiated cells that can specialize. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein modification and packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular fluid (ECF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It surrounds and protects the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cell membrane = 49 percent Myelin membrane = 18 percent Inner mitochondrial membrane = 76 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binds to the protein away from the binding site and activates it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent Bonds = Atoms share electrons Ionic Bonds = Transfer of electrons creating charged ions Hydrogen Bonds = Weak attraction between polar molecules Van der Waals Forces = Temporary attractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of ligand, saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide strong adhesion between cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junction = Direct cell communication Tight junction = Prevents leakage between cells Desmosome = Anchors cells together Focal adhesion = Links cells to the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cadherins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrins facilitate adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix and are involved in cell signaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the normal functioning of living organisms and their parts.

The maintenance of internal stability in an organism despite external changes.

The principle of keeping inputs and outputs in equilibrium to maintain stability.

Systems in physiology that regulate functions via feedback mechanisms.

Biological processes that cycle around a 24-hour period, influencing behaviors like sleep.

Negative health effects caused by a patient's expectation of harm from treatment.

An experimental design where neither participants nor administrators know who receives the treatment.

Independent variables are manipulated; dependent variables are measured changes in response.

A modulator that binds to a protein away from its binding site to activate it.

A modulator that binds to a protein away from its binding site and inactivates it.

Increase in the number or activity of proteins in cells.

Decrease in the number or activity of proteins in cells.

The point at which increasing ligand concentration no longer increases reaction rate.

Bonds formed when atoms share electrons.

Bonds formed through the transfer of electrons, creating charged ions.

Weak attractions between polar molecules.

Nitrogenous bases including cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

A substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

The degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent.

Water, as it dissolves most substances.

The degree to which a protein binds to its ligand.

The state where the rates of binding and unbinding are equal.

A measure indicating how easily a ligand separates from a protein, equals 1/Keq.

Activation of a protein by removing peptide fragments.

The interior space within a hollow organ, filled with air or fluid.

Fluid outside cells, rich in sodium and includes plasma and intestinal fluid.

Fluid within cells, primarily high in potassium ions.

A membrane that surrounds the heart, providing protection and cushioning.

A model describing the structure of biological membranes as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a flexible lipid bilayer.

Proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer, aiding in transport and communication.

Proteins located on the edges of the membrane that can be removed without damaging it.

A double layer of lipids that makes up the cell membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inwards.

Programmed cell death that maintains tissue health.

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into specialized cell types.

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP.

Cell organelle involved in modifying and packaging proteins.

Organelles that contain enzymes to digest waste materials and cellular debris.

Organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

Network of membranes dotted with ribosomes, primarily synthesizing proteins.

Lipid synthesis site and calcium storage, lacking ribosomes.

The network of proteins and molecules that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Glycoproteins that provide structural support in the extracellular matrix.

Membrane proteins that facilitate cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion by binding collagen and laminin.

Proteins located on the cell surface involved in the binding with other cells or the extracellular matrix.

Communicating junctions that allow direct transfer of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells.

Occluding junctions that prevent the passage of materials between cells, often found in the intestines.

Anchoring junctions that mechanically attach cells to their neighbors, maintaining tissue integrity.

Proteins that mediate temporary cell-cell adhesions, typically during immune responses.