Physiology Chapter 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of junction prevents the movement of material between cells?

  • Desmosomes
  • Occluding Junctions (correct)
  • Anchoring Junctions
  • Communicating Junctions

    • The basal lamina is a cellular layer secreted by the epithelial cells.

    False (B)

    What are the two proteins found on the surface of cells in the second cross-section?

    Claudin and Occludin

    The disappearance of anchoring junctions can contribute to ___________, a process where cancer cells spread to other parts of the body.

    <p>metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following epithelial tissue characteristics with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Simple = One layer of cells Stratified = Multiple layers of cells Squamous = Flattened cells Cuboidal = Cube-shaped cells Columnar = Tall, column-shaped cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue can be categorized based on the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the acellular matrix layer that epithelial cells attach to?

    <p>Basal lamina (or Basement membrane)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomolecules are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic Acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in the body?

    <p>Energy storage and membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ buffer system helps maintain the pH balance of blood.

    <p>bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body cavities with their locations:

    <p>Cranial cavity = Head Thoracic cavity = Chest Abdominopelvic cavity = Lower torso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a body fluid compartment?

    <p>Muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations in DNA can lead to genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of buffers in maintaining pH balance within the body.

    <p>Buffers help maintain pH balance by absorbing excess H+ ions (acidic) or OH- ions (basic). They prevent drastic changes in pH, ensuring that the body stays within a healthy range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body's ability to maintain stable conditions is known as ______.

    <p>homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive feedback mechanisms amplify physiological responses.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a lipid?

    <p>Carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thromboxanes?

    <p>Thromboxanes are involved in blood clot formation (thrombosis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Monosaccharide = A simple sugar, e.g., glucose Polysaccharide = A complex carbohydrate made up of many sugar units Saturated fatty acid = A fatty acid with all single bonds between carbon atoms Unsaturated fatty acid = A fatty acid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule ______ serves as the backbone for most lipids.

    <p>glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans can easily digest cellulose.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the R-group in an amino acid?

    <p>The R-group determines the unique chemical properties of each amino acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a major body cavity?

    <p>Pelvic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria?

    <p>ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a network of interconnected membranes involved in lipid synthesis.

    <p>smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell junction with its primary function:

    <p>Gap junctions = Provide strength and support between cells Tight junctions = Form a barrier, preventing leaks between cells Anchoring junctions = Allow direct communication between cells through channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for transporting substances?

    <p>Transporting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle is responsible for involuntary movements, such as heart contractions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of cytoskeletal fibers, ranked from smallest to largest?

    <p>Actin (microfilaments), intermediate filaments, microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are pyrimidines?

    <p>Cytosine (A), Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that contains oxygen.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal solvent in biological solutions?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concentration of a solution is the amount of ______ per unit volume of solution.

    <p>solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how the pH scale relates to alkalinity?

    <p>A pH above 7 is considered alkaline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions.

    <p>Solute = The liquid into which solutes dissolve. Solvent = Any substance that dissolves in a liquid. Solution = The combination of solutes dissolved in a solvent. Concentration = The amount of solute per unit volume of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A protein's affinity for a ligand determines how strongly it binds to that ligand.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the model that describes the interaction between proteins and ligands, in which the binding site changes its shape to better fit the ligand?

    <p>Induced fit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the cell membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, carbohydrates and proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is permeable to all molecules.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a layer of carbohydrates that surrounds the external surface of the cell, contributing to cell recognition and immune response.

    <p>glycocalyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key functions of microtubules in the cell?

    <p>Microtubules play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell division, and structural support. They are involved in the movement of organelles, chromosomes during mitosis, and formation of cilia and flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell structures with their functions:

    <p>Centrosome = Assembles tubulin monomers into microtubules Centrioles = Direct DNA movement in cell division Cilia = Fluid movement across cells Flagella = Cell movement through fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of intracellular compartment?

    <p>Golgi apparatus (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tau tangles are a primary biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of differentiation in cell specialization?

    <p>Differentiation involves the activation of specific genes in a cell, leading to the production of proteins and structures that allow the cell to perform a specialized function. This process allows cells to become adapted to different tasks within the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Syllabus

    • There is a TA and a tutor.
    • Students should have study groups.
    • Midterms are 20% of the grade with 4 midterms.
    • Midterms are 9:20-10:20am.
    • One midterm can be dropped.
    • A comprehensive final is worth 30% of the course grade.
    • Attendance is worth 10% of the grade.
    • Homework is available through Pearson Online, part of the textbook.
    • Homework is due at 11:59 on Friday.

    Chapter 1: Physiology

    • Physiology is the study of the normal function of a living organism including its chemical and physical processes of its component parts.
    • The biosphere is composed of species and organisms.
    • The materials of the biosphere consist of: (See slide 14)

    Additional Study Information

    • Physiology is defined as the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts.
    • The body systems and their functions are presented in a diagram.
    • A 50-year-old man given an intravenous infusion of glucose at 2 ml per minute with a 50 g/l concentration.
    • Homeostasis maintains internal stability.
    • The process of homeostasis does not mean equilibrium, but a dynamic steady state.
    • Excretion clears substances from the body through kidneys, liver, lungs and skin.
    • There are different ways that the body can regulate itself: local and reflex
    • Biological rhythms are a part of the body (e.g., temperature and cortisol cycle).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of physiology with this quiz focused on Chapter 1. Explore the normal functions of living organisms and their component parts, as well as the biosphere and its materials. Perfect for revising key concepts covered in your study group.

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