Podcast
Questions and Answers
Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of ____.
Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of ____.
When a female patient develops cystitis, the most likely cause is from ____.
When a female patient develops cystitis, the most likely cause is from ____.
Yolanda has been diagnosed several times in the last year with cystitis. She asks the practitioner if there is anything she can do to prevent future episodes of cystitis. What is the best response to her question?
Yolanda has been diagnosed several times in the last year with cystitis. She asks the practitioner if there is anything she can do to prevent future episodes of cystitis. What is the best response to her question?
You would anticipate that a patient who has had ____ may develop cystitis.
You would anticipate that a patient who has had ____ may develop cystitis.
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When taking a urine sample from a patient for testing, you notice it is cloudy. This could indicate ____.
When taking a urine sample from a patient for testing, you notice it is cloudy. This could indicate ____.
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An immune disorder is a possible cause for which disease?
An immune disorder is a possible cause for which disease?
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Renal calculi could result from ____.
Renal calculi could result from ____.
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How does pyelonephritis begin?
How does pyelonephritis begin?
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Which of these urinary diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?
Which of these urinary diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?
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The portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids is the ____.
The portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids is the ____.
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Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?
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What are the muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder called?
What are the muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder called?
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Which of these is the medial depression of a kidney?
Which of these is the medial depression of a kidney?
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What is the name for the hormone that regulates blood pressure?
What is the name for the hormone that regulates blood pressure?
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The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity?
The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity?
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Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production?
Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production?
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The ____ contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.
The ____ contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.
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The expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys is the ____.A) renal pelvis
The expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys is the ____.A) renal pelvis
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The middle portion of the kidneys is the ____.A) renal pelvis
The middle portion of the kidneys is the ____.A) renal pelvis
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Which of the following is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs?
Which of the following is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs?
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The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ____.A) renal tubule
The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ____.A) renal tubule
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Located between the proximal and distal tubules is the ________.
Located between the proximal and distal tubules is the ________.
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Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus?
Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus?
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Which structure surrounds each glomerulus?
Which structure surrounds each glomerulus?
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What are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules?
What are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules?
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The ____ deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.
The ____ deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.
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Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases?
Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases?
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The ____ join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts.
The ____ join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts.
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During the ____ process of urine formation, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules.
During the ____ process of urine formation, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules.
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During ____, the hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps.
During ____, the hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps.
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Which of the following occurs in the renal corpuscles?
Which of the following occurs in the renal corpuscles?
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The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during which process of urine formation?
The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during which process of urine formation?
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During which process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate?
During which process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate?
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In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body?
In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body?
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Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during the ____ process of urine formation and are eliminated in urine.
Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during the ____ process of urine formation and are eliminated in urine.
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Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder?
Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder?
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The ____ use(s) a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.
The ____ use(s) a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.
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The detrusor muscle is part of the __.
The detrusor muscle is part of the __.
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Which of the following describes acute renal failure?
Which of the following describes acute renal failure?
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Which of the following does not describe acute kidney failure?
Which of the following does not describe acute kidney failure?
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Which of the following describes chronic renal failure?
Which of the following describes chronic renal failure?
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Which of the following does not describe chronic renal failure?
Which of the following does not describe chronic renal failure?
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Carol recently had surgery to repair a urinary sphincter. Since then, she has had trouble with urinary
incontinence. The physician has assured her that this will be a temporary condition, but she wants to
know what she can do to help alleviate this problem. Which of the following is your best reply?
Carol recently had surgery to repair a urinary sphincter. Since then, she has had trouble with urinary incontinence. The physician has assured her that this will be a temporary condition, but she wants to know what she can do to help alleviate this problem. Which of the following is your best reply?
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Donna came to the office today complaining of back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in her urine. She has
a recent history of bladder infection. The physician diagnoses pyelonephritis. Which of the following would
you expect the physician to prescribe?
Donna came to the office today complaining of back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in her urine. She has a recent history of bladder infection. The physician diagnoses pyelonephritis. Which of the following would you expect the physician to prescribe?
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You are working at an urgent care clinic when a patient is brought in by several of his friends. He is
conscious but seems very confused. At first, the friends say they're worried because he had too much to
drink, but then they admit that he was using drugs also. The patient's hands are shaking, and when he
wipes his nose with a tissue, you can see blood on the tissue. Which of the following conditions would the
physician likely be most concerned about?
You are working at an urgent care clinic when a patient is brought in by several of his friends. He is conscious but seems very confused. At first, the friends say they're worried because he had too much to drink, but then they admit that he was using drugs also. The patient's hands are shaking, and when he wipes his nose with a tissue, you can see blood on the tissue. Which of the following conditions would the physician likely be most concerned about?
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Which of the following removes metabolic waste products from the blood?
Which of the following removes metabolic waste products from the blood?
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In the kidneys what combines with water and ions to form urine?
In the kidneys what combines with water and ions to form urine?
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Study Notes
Urea and Uric Acid
- Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of proteins.
Cystitis Causes
- Cystitis is most likely caused by fecal contamination in female patients.
- Fecal contamination can occur due to wiping from back to front.
- Other risk factors for cystitis include dehydration, indwelling urinary catheter, and multiple sexual partners.
Preventing Cystitis
- To prevent cystitis, always clean the perineal area from front to back.
- There is no need to limit fluid intake or avoid using public toilets.
Cystitis Indicators
- Cloudy urine may indicate cystitis.
- Cloudy urine may also be due to poor cleansing when collecting the urine.
Renal Diseases
- Glomerulonephritis is caused by an immune disorder.
- Renal calculi can result from obstruction in the tubules or dehydration.
- Renal calculi are not caused by overhydration or bladder infections.
Urinary Tract Infections
- Pyelonephritis begins as an infection in the kidneys.
- Bladder infections can lead to pyelonephritis.
Urinary Diseases and Treatments
- Glomerulonephritis is likely to be treated with corticosteroids.
- Corticosteroids are not typically used to treat cystitis, acute renal failure, polycystic kidneys, or incontinence.
Kidney Structure
- The renal cortex is the outermost layer of the kidneys.
- The renal column is the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids.
- The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine.
- The renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidneys.
- The renal papilla is the point where the nephrons empty into the renal pelvis.
- The renal sinus is the medial depression of a kidney.
- The hilum is the region where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter the kidney.
Ureteral Function
- Ureters are the muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder.
Hormones and Blood Pressure
- Renin is the hormone that regulates blood pressure.
- Erythropoietin, cortisol, prolactin, and oxytocin are not directly involved in regulating blood pressure.
Kidney Anatomy and Functions
- The kidneys are located in a retroperitoneal position compared to the peritoneal cavity.
- Erythropoietin is a hormone that helps regulate red blood cell production.
Kidney Structure
- The hilum contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.
- The renal pelvis is the expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys.
- The renal medulla is the middle portion of the kidneys.
Blood Filtration
- The renal corpuscle is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs.
- The glomerulus is a group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle.
Urine Formation and Nephron Structure
- The collecting ducts are formed by the joining of similar structures from other nephrons.
- Distal convoluted tubules are located between the proximal and distal tubules.
- The loop of Henle is located between the proximal and distal tubules.
- The renal corpuscle is not connected to the glomerulus, but rather the glomerular capsule is.
- The glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman's capsule.
- Peritubular capillaries are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules.
- Efferent arterioles deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.
Glomerular Filtration and Blood Pressure
- Glomerular filtration is the process of urine formation that decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases.
Nephron Structure and Function
- The collecting ducts are formed by the union of similar structures from multiple nephrons.
- The correct structures that join to form collecting ducts are not afferent arterioles, which are blood vessels that supply the glomerulus.
- The correct structures that join to form collecting ducts are not efferent arterioles, which are blood vessels that drain the glomerulus.
- The correct structures that join to form collecting ducts are not peritubular capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that surround the nephron tubules.
- The correct structures that join to form collecting ducts are not proximal convoluted tubules, which are the initial tubular segments of the nephron.
- The correct structures that join to form collecting ducts are distal convoluted tubules, which are the final tubular segments of the nephron.
Urine Formation Processes
- Substances move from the blood into the renal tubules during glomerular filtration.
- The hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps during tubular reabsorption.
- Glomerular filtration occurs in the renal corpuscles.
- The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during glomerular filtration.
- Drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate during tubular secretion.
- Nutrients, ions, and water are returned to the body during tubular reabsorption.
- Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved and eliminated in urine during tubular secretion.
- Elimination and micturition are separate processes from urine formation.
Urinary System Structure
- Ureters take urine away from the kidney and towards the bladder.
- Urethra takes urine away from the bladder and out of the body.
Transport of Urine
- Ureters use a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.
Bladder Structure
- The detrusor muscle is part of the bladder.
Acute Renal Failure
- Acute renal failure occurs when kidneys suddenly lose function.
- Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse, hemorrhaging, food poisoning, or other causes.
- May be treated with surgical repair of obstructions.
Chronic Renal Failure
- Chronic renal failure occurs when kidneys slowly lose function over time.
- Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes.
- Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse.
- May cause symptoms such as headache, mental confusion, and frequent seizures.
Key Differences
- Acute renal failure is characterized by sudden loss of kidney function, while chronic renal failure is characterized by gradual loss of function over time.
- Acute renal failure may cause excessive urine production, while chronic renal failure does not.
Urinary System
- The kidneys remove metabolic waste products from the blood.
- The kidneys combine metabolic wastes with water and ions to form urine.
Incorrect Options
- Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and renal pelvis do not remove metabolic waste products from the blood.
- Red blood cells, erythropoietin, and red bone marrow are not involved in forming urine.
- Renin is not related to forming urine.
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Description
This quiz covers various topics in physiology and health, including the breakdown of nutrients and the causes of cystitis. It is suitable for students in biology, nursing, or medicine.
