Questions and Answers
What percentage of an adult's body weight is made up of blood?
Which component of blood carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues?
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
What is the term for the process by which blood helps to maintain acid-base balance?
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What is the term for the blood group system that includes A, B, AB, and O?
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What is the term for the circulation of blood from the body to the lungs and back to the heart?
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What is the term for the process by which the body generates blood cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a site of hematopoiesis in the adult?
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What is the term for the stem cells that give rise to all blood cells?
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During which stage of development does hematopoiesis first occur?
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What is the primary function of the hematopoietic microenvironment?
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Study Notes
Composition of Blood
- Blood is a liquid tissue that makes up about 7% of an adult's body weight
- It is composed of:
- Plasma (55%): liquid portion of blood that carries cells and proteins
- Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes (45%): carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes (1%): part of immune system, fight infection
- Platelets or thrombocytes (1%): help blood to clot
Functions of Blood
- Transportation:
- Oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- Carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
- Nutrients from digestive system to body tissues
- Waste products from body tissues to excretory organs
- Regulation:
- Body temperature
- pH levels
- Protection:
- Against infection and disease through WBCs
- Against blood loss through clotting mechanism
- Buffering:
- Maintains acid-base balance
Blood Groups
- ABO blood group system:
- A: A antigen on RBC surface
- B: B antigen on RBC surface
- AB: both A and B antigens on RBC surface
- O: neither A nor B antigen on RBC surface
- Rh blood type:
- Rh positive: Rh antigen on RBC surface
- Rh negative: no Rh antigen on RBC surface
Blood Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation:
- Deoxygenated blood from body to lungs
- Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
- Systemic circulation:
- Oxygenated blood from heart to body tissues
- Deoxygenated blood from body tissues to heart
Composition of Blood
- Blood makes up about 7% of an adult's body weight
- Plasma, the liquid portion, accounts for 55% of blood composition
- Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) make up 45% of blood and carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes) comprise 1% of blood and fight infection as part of the immune system
- Platelets (or thrombocytes) also make up 1% of blood and aid in blood clotting
Functions of Blood
- Transports oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- Carries carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
- Delivers nutrients from the digestive system to body tissues
- Removes waste products from body tissues to excretory organs
- Regulates body temperature
- Maintains pH levels
- Protects against infection and disease through WBCs
- Prevents blood loss through clotting mechanism
- Maintains acid-base balance as a buffer
Blood Groups
- ABO blood group system consists of four types: A, B, AB, and O
- Type A blood has A antigen on RBC surface
- Type B blood has B antigen on RBC surface
- Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on RBC surface
- Type O blood has neither A nor B antigen on RBC surface
- Rh blood type is either positive (with Rh antigen) or negative (without Rh antigen)
Blood Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation involves deoxygenated blood flowing from the body to lungs and oxygenated blood flowing from lungs to the heart
- Systemic circulation involves oxygenated blood flowing from the heart to body tissues and deoxygenated blood flowing from body tissues to the heart
Composition of Blood
- Blood makes up about 7% of an adult's body weight
- Plasma constitutes 55% of blood, comprising the liquid portion that carries cells and proteins
- Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes make up 45% of blood, responsible for carrying oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes account for 1% of blood, serving as part of the immune system to fight infection
- Platelets or thrombocytes comprise 1% of blood, enabling blood to clot
Functions of Blood
- Transports oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- Carries carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
- Transports nutrients from the digestive system to body tissues
- Removes waste products from body tissues to excretory organs
- Regulates body temperature
- Maintains pH levels
- Protects against infection and disease through WBCs
- Prevents blood loss through clotting mechanism
- Maintains acid-base balance through buffering
Blood Groups
- ABO blood group system consists of four types: A, B, AB, and O
- A blood type has A antigen on RBC surface
- B blood type has B antigen on RBC surface
- AB blood type has both A and B antigens on RBC surface
- O blood type has neither A nor B antigen on RBC surface
- Rh blood type has two categories: Rh positive and Rh negative
- Rh positive blood type has Rh antigen on RBC surface
- Rh negative blood type lacks Rh antigen on RBC surface
Blood Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation involves deoxygenated blood from body to lungs and oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
- Systemic circulation involves oxygenated blood from heart to body tissues and deoxygenated blood from body tissues to heart
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Description
Learn about the components of blood, including plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets, and their roles in transportation, regulation, and protection.
