Physiologic response to stress
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of response does the hypothalamus coordinate during stress?

  • A long-term behavioral response
  • A purely emotional response
  • A rapid autonomic and slower endocrine response (correct)
  • A decentralized response

What is the role of cortisol in the physiological response to stress?

  • Facilitating longer-term adaptation to stress (correct)
  • Providing immediate energy for muscles
  • Reducing heart rate during stress
  • Initiating emotional responses

Which part of the nervous system is primarily involved in the rapid response to stress?

  • Central nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Sympathetic nervous system (correct)
  • Peripheral nervous system

What term describes the body's adaptive state when responding to environmental stressors?

<p>Allostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for the slower, chronic responses to stress?

<p>Endocrine system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in stress response?

<p>Coordinating output from the nervous system and pituitary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of allostasis refer to?

<p>Physiologic changes in response to challenges to homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily involved in the physiological response to stress?

<p>Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does perception of stressors influence stress response?

<p>It significantly impacts the response and outcomes of stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does allostatic load measure?

<p>The cumulative effects of stress on an individual's health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are primarily involved in the sympathetic innervation of the heart?

<p>β1-receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart's nodes?

<p>Inhibits electrical conduction in both SA and AV nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart does the sympathetic nervous system NOT innervate?

<p>Ventricular valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is released by the sympathetic nervous system to act on the heart?

<p>Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a resting human, which system is primarily active in regulating heart rate?

<p>Parasympathetic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding an isolated human heart?

<p>It maintains a constant heart rate of approximately 100 beats per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures receives innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

<p>SA node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the activation of β1-receptors have on the myocardium?

<p>Increases contractility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, what would be expected to happen to the heart rate?

<p>Heart rate would decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate at rest due to the dominant parasympathetic activity?

<p>70 beats/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does inspiration have on heart rate during respiratory sinus arrhythmia?

<p>Heart rate increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate during expiration recorded in the experiment?

<p>75 beats/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex mechanism is primarily responsible for the increase in heart rate during inspiration?

<p>Bainbridge reflex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might the absence of respiratory variations in heart rate indicate in patients?

<p>Autonomic dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heart rate during the cardiac dive response when a person is submerged in ice-cold water?

<p>It decreases significantly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate on inspiration as recorded in the figure?

<p>88 beats/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of respiratory sinus arrhythmia for gaseous exchange in the lungs?

<p>Enhances blood flow during inspiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total resting heart rate when both sympathetic and parasympathetic activities are accounted for?

<p>100 beats/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological role does the Bainbridge reflex serve during inspiration?

<p>Prevents blood pooling on the venous side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stress Response: Goal

The body's response to stress involves rapid adjustments to restore stability and increase survival chances.

Homeostasis

The body's way of maintaining a stable internal environment, like keeping body temperature steady.

Allostasis

The body's ability to adapt to challenges, changing physiology to cope with stress.

Allostatic Load

The cumulative wear and tear on the body caused by repeated or prolonged stress responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adrenal Gland Role in Stress

The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol that help manage stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physiological Response to Stress

The coordinated response to stress involving the autonomic nervous system (rapid) and the endocrine system (slower), leading to changes in heart rate, breathing, and hormone release.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothalamus

The part of the brain that plays a central role in coordinating the body's stress response by activating the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Response

The rapid and immediate response to stress mediated by the autonomic nervous system, involving changes in heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endocrine System Response

The slower and more sustained response to stress mediated by the endocrine system, involving the release of hormones like cortisol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart rate with sympathetic activity

The heart rate at rest when only sympathetic nervous system activity is present.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart rate with parasympathetic activity

The heart rate at rest when only parasympathetic nervous system activity is present.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dominant influence on resting heart rate

The heart rate at rest is primarily influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart rate during inspiration

During inspiration, the heart rate increases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart rate during expiration

During expiration, the heart rate decreases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)

The fluctuation of heart rate during breathing cycles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does RSA affect heart rate during inspiration?

RSA increases heart rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does RSA affect gas exchange?

RSA improves gas exchange in the lungs by matching blood flow to ventilation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mechanism of RSA during inspiration

The Bainbridge reflex, also known as the atrial reflex, is triggered by increased venous return, stretching the atria and inferior vena cava (IVC). This activates vagal afferents, signaling the medulla to increase sympathetic activity and decrease parasympathetic activity, leading to an increased heart rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does the lack of RSA indicate?

The absence of RSA variations in heart rate can indicate possible heart dysfunction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does the autonomic nervous system control in the heart?

The autonomic nervous system controls the heart rate by influencing the SA node. The SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses for coordinated heartbeats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart rate?

The sympathetic nervous system speeds up the heart rate. It releases norepinephrine (NE) acting on beta-1 receptors of the heart. This leads to increased heart rate and stronger contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart rate?

The parasympathetic nervous system slows down the heart rate. It releases acetylcholine (Ach) acting on M-receptors of the heart. This slows the heart rate and weakens its contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the normal resting heart rate for humans?

The normal heart rate at rest is approximately 60-100 beats per minute. It's typically lower for people with higher fitness levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

At what rate would an isolated human heart beat?

An isolated human heart, devoid of nerve connections, beats at approximately 100 beats per minute at normal body temperature. This is known as the intrinsic heart rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is more active at rest?

At rest, the parasympathetic nervous system is more active than the sympathetic nervous system. This keeps the heart rate within the normal range and ensures efficient blood circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Physiological Response to Stress

  • Stressors can be physical or psychological, internal or external
  • The body's perception and processing of stressors significantly impacts the response
  • The stress response is designed for rapid return to a stable state for survival
  • Allostasis: the physiological changes (neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune) that occur in response to challenges to homeostasis.
  • Allostatic load: accumulation of these allostatic changes - a measure of stress effects on humans
  • Physiological response to stress has both rapid (acute) and slower (chronic) components
  • Stressors can be perceived differently resulting in varying responses

Coordinated Response to Stress

  • Stressors trigger a coordinated response involving the higher brain centers (hypothalamus)
  • The hypothalamus activates both the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
  • The autonomic nervous system triggers a fast response
  • The endocrine system (anterior and posterior pituitary) trigger a slower, more chronic response
  • The coordinated response involves the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and the endocrine system

Role of the Hypothalamus

  • The hypothalamus is a crucial hub in the stress response
  • It connects the higher brain centers, autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system
  • It coordinates responses to stressors through the locus ceruleus, anterior pituitary, and the adrenal gland
  • It plays roles in the RAS (reticular activating system) and spinal cord signals.
  • The hypothalamus is the central integrator of the stress response.

Learning Objectives

  • Review autonomic nervous system structure and function
  • Explain the role of the endocrine and nervous systems in regulating organ systems
  • Explain the hypothalamus' role in coordinating outputs from the nervous system and pituitary glands
  • Explain the general neuroendocrine response to stressors
  • Describe the adrenal gland's role in stress response
  • Understand the impact of respiration on heart rate
  • Be aware of the mechanisms for the Bainbridge reflex.
  • Recognize variations in heart rate during the stress response, such as Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
  • Explain the cardiac dive response.

Stressors

  • Both physical and psychological factors can trigger stress
  • Stressors have internal and external origins
  • An individual's perception and processing of stressors greatly affect the outcome of the response.
  • The individual's perception and processing of stressors significantly impact the stress response.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Workshop Exploring ANS Structures and Functions (Heart) in PDF
Workshop The Physiologic Response to Stress - PPT PDF

More Like This

GE2204 CARING FOR THE SELF: Understanding Stress Response
32 questions

GE2204 CARING FOR THE SELF: Understanding Stress Response

FavoriteComputerArt avatar
FavoriteComputerArt
Hypothalamic Nucleus and Stress Response
12 questions

Hypothalamic Nucleus and Stress Response

FastestVirginiaBeach avatar
FastestVirginiaBeach
Stages of Stress Response
10 questions

Stages of Stress Response

CleanestGothicArt avatar
CleanestGothicArt
Tema 3 Psicopatologia El estrés
43 questions

Tema 3 Psicopatologia El estrés

ImaginativeGadolinium avatar
ImaginativeGadolinium
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser