Pathophysiology - Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of estrogen in pregnancy?

  • Uterus
  • Placenta (correct)
  • Ovaries
  • Adrenal gland

What is the risk factor for miscarriage?

  • Previous cesarean section
  • Multiparity
  • Maternal age < 20 years old
  • Advanced maternal age (correct)

What is the threshold β-hCG level for embryo visualization via ultrasound?

  • 5 IU/ml
  • 15 IU/ml (correct)
  • 20 IU/ml
  • 10 IU/ml

What is the primary complication of hypertension in pregnancy?

<p>Preeclampsia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

<p>Insulin resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of ectopic pregnancy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of preeclampsia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of placental dysfunction on maternal blood sugar levels?

<p>Increased maternal blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which placental abnormality is usually asymptomatic and found on routine screens?

<p>Placental Accreta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on the infant?

<p>Neonatal hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

<p>Glucose tolerance test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which placental abnormality presents with painful bleeding after 20 weeks?

<p>Placental Abruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Placental Abruption?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Placenta Previa?

<p>Large hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Placental Accreta?

<p>Invasion of the myometrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in placental remodeling that contributes to the development of preeclampsia?

<p>Failure of trophoblasts to express cell adhesion molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to preeclampsia?

<p>Releasing mediators that damage vessels and inhibit vessel growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of shallow placental implantation in preeclampsia?

<p>Low perfusion and placental hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the release of vasoactive substances by the placenta in preeclampsia?

<p>To alleviate placental hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of immune component Anti-AngII receptor antibodies in preeclampsia?

<p>Activation of receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for severe proteinuria in preeclampsia?

<p>&gt;5g/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of preeclampsia?

<p>End organ damage in liver and brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of severe preeclampsia that affects approximately 2-3% of patients?

<p>Stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cure for preeclampsia?

<p>Delivery and removal of placenta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia management?

<p>To provide seizure prophylaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?

<p>History of vascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

<p>Maternal insulin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of endothelial damage in preeclampsia?

<p>Vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk associated with gestational diabetes?

<p>Maternal diabetes and cardiovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to maternal hypertension in preeclampsia?

<p>Release of vasoconstrictors into the maternal circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes?

<p>10-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration of gestation from conception to birth?

<p>38 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is gestation calculated in pregnancy?

<p>From the first day of the last menstrual period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a preterm delivery?

<p>Any delivery before 37 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gravidity' refer to in pregnancy?

<p>The number of times a woman has been pregnant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe a woman who has had two previous term deliveries and an abortion?

<p>G3P2012 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gestational age range for the second trimester?

<p>Week 12-28 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe a woman who has had twins and two miscarriages?

<p>G3P1022 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gestational age range for a postterm delivery?

<p>After 42 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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