Pathophysiology - Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of estrogen in pregnancy?

  • Uterus
  • Placenta (correct)
  • Ovaries
  • Adrenal gland

    • What is the risk factor for miscarriage?

  • Previous cesarean section
  • Multiparity
  • Maternal age < 20 years old
  • Advanced maternal age (correct)

    • What is the threshold β-hCG level for embryo visualization via ultrasound?

  • 5 IU/ml
  • 15 IU/ml (correct)
  • 20 IU/ml
  • 10 IU/ml

    • What is the primary complication of hypertension in pregnancy?

    <p>Preeclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management of ectopic pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis of preeclampsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of placental dysfunction on maternal blood sugar levels?

    <p>Increased maternal blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which placental abnormality is usually asymptomatic and found on routine screens?

    <p>Placental Accreta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on the infant?

    <p>Neonatal hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

    <p>Glucose tolerance test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which placental abnormality presents with painful bleeding after 20 weeks?

    <p>Placental Abruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for Placental Abruption?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of Placenta Previa?

    <p>Large hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Placental Accreta?

    <p>Invasion of the myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in placental remodeling that contributes to the development of preeclampsia?

    <p>Failure of trophoblasts to express cell adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to preeclampsia?

    <p>Releasing mediators that damage vessels and inhibit vessel growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of shallow placental implantation in preeclampsia?

    <p>Low perfusion and placental hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the release of vasoactive substances by the placenta in preeclampsia?

    <p>To alleviate placental hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of immune component Anti-AngII receptor antibodies in preeclampsia?

    <p>Activation of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for severe proteinuria in preeclampsia?

    <p>&gt;5g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of preeclampsia?

    <p>End organ damage in liver and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of severe preeclampsia that affects approximately 2-3% of patients?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cure for preeclampsia?

    <p>Delivery and removal of placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia management?

    <p>To provide seizure prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?

    <p>History of vascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Maternal insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of endothelial damage in preeclampsia?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk associated with gestational diabetes?

    <p>Maternal diabetes and cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to maternal hypertension in preeclampsia?

    <p>Release of vasoconstrictors into the maternal circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal duration of gestation from conception to birth?

    <p>38 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gestation calculated in pregnancy?

    <p>From the first day of the last menstrual period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a preterm delivery?

    <p>Any delivery before 37 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Gravidity' refer to in pregnancy?

    <p>The number of times a woman has been pregnant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe a woman who has had two previous term deliveries and an abortion?

    <p>G3P2012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gestational age range for the second trimester?

    <p>Week 12-28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe a woman who has had twins and two miscarriages?

    <p>G3P1022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gestational age range for a postterm delivery?

    <p>After 42 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

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