Pathophysiology - Pregnancy

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What is the primary source of estrogen in pregnancy?

Uterus

Placenta (correct)

Ovaries

Adrenal gland

What is the risk factor for miscarriage?

Previous cesarean section

Multiparity

Maternal age < 20 years old

Advanced maternal age (correct)

What is the threshold β-hCG level for embryo visualization via ultrasound?

5 IU/ml

15 IU/ml (correct)

20 IU/ml

10 IU/ml

What is the primary complication of hypertension in pregnancy?

Preeclampsia Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

Insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of ectopic pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of preeclampsia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of placental dysfunction on maternal blood sugar levels?

Increased maternal blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which placental abnormality is usually asymptomatic and found on routine screens?

Placental Accreta Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on the infant?

Neonatal hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

Glucose tolerance test Signup and view all the answers

Which placental abnormality presents with painful bleeding after 20 weeks?

Placental Abruption Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Placental Abruption?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Placenta Previa?

Large hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Placental Accreta?

Invasion of the myometrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in placental remodeling that contributes to the development of preeclampsia?

Failure of trophoblasts to express cell adhesion molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to preeclampsia?

Releasing mediators that damage vessels and inhibit vessel growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of shallow placental implantation in preeclampsia?

Low perfusion and placental hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the release of vasoactive substances by the placenta in preeclampsia?

To alleviate placental hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of immune component Anti-AngII receptor antibodies in preeclampsia?

Activation of receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for severe proteinuria in preeclampsia?

>5g/day Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of preeclampsia?

End organ damage in liver and brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of severe preeclampsia that affects approximately 2-3% of patients?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the cure for preeclampsia?

Delivery and removal of placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia management?

To provide seizure prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?

History of vascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

Maternal insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of endothelial damage in preeclampsia?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk associated with gestational diabetes?

Maternal diabetes and cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to maternal hypertension in preeclampsia?

Release of vasoconstrictors into the maternal circulation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration of gestation from conception to birth?

38 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How is gestation calculated in pregnancy?

From the first day of the last menstrual period Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a preterm delivery?

Any delivery before 37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gravidity' refer to in pregnancy?

The number of times a woman has been pregnant Signup and view all the answers

Pathophysiology - Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of estrogen in pregnancy?

What is the risk factor for miscarriage?

What is the threshold β-hCG level for embryo visualization via ultrasound?

What is the primary complication of hypertension in pregnancy?

What is the pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

What is the management of ectopic pregnancy?

What is the diagnosis of preeclampsia?

What is the effect of placental dysfunction on maternal blood sugar levels?

What is a significant risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

Which placental abnormality is usually asymptomatic and found on routine screens?

What is a potential complication of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on the infant?

What is the primary method of screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

Which placental abnormality presents with painful bleeding after 20 weeks?

What is a risk factor for Placental Abruption?

What is a potential complication of Placenta Previa?

What is a characteristic of Placental Accreta?

What is the primary defect in placental remodeling that contributes to the development of preeclampsia?

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to preeclampsia?

What is the main consequence of shallow placental implantation in preeclampsia?

What is the primary reason for the release of vasoactive substances by the placenta in preeclampsia?

What is the result of immune component Anti-AngII receptor antibodies in preeclampsia?

What is the diagnostic criterion for severe proteinuria in preeclampsia?

What is a complication of preeclampsia?

What is the complication of severe preeclampsia that affects approximately 2-3% of patients?

What is the cure for preeclampsia?

What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia management?

What is a risk factor for preeclampsia?

What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of gestational diabetes?

What is the hallmark of endothelial damage in preeclampsia?

What is the increased risk associated with gestational diabetes?

What is the primary mechanism by which the placenta contributes to maternal hypertension in preeclampsia?

What percentage of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes?

What is the normal duration of gestation from conception to birth?

How is gestation calculated in pregnancy?

What is the definition of a preterm delivery?

What does the term 'Gravidity' refer to in pregnancy?

How would you describe a woman who has had two previous term deliveries and an abortion?

What is the gestational age range for the second trimester?

How would you describe a woman who has had twins and two miscarriages?

What is the gestational age range for a postterm delivery?

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