10 Physical Sciences Ch 13 SUM: Electric circuits
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for potential difference?

  • Volts (correct)
  • Joules
  • Coulombs
  • Amperes

    • What does a voltmeter measure?

  • Charge flowing through a circuit
  • Work done in a circuit
  • Current flowing through a circuit
  • Potential difference between two points (correct)

    • What is electromotive force (EMF)?

  • The flow of electric charge in a circuit
  • The maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery
  • The rate at which charge flows through a circuit
  • The work done per unit charge to move it through the entire circuit (correct)

    • What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Amperes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an ammeter measure current?

    <p>By connecting in series with the circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator?

    <p>The electrons in the insulator are attracted, and the nuclei are repelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polarisation?

    <p>The induction of a dipole in a neutral insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials have molecules that are naturally polarised?

    <p>Materials with natural dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate potential difference?

    <p>V = W/Q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between EMF and terminal voltage?

    <p>EMF is the maximum potential difference, while terminal voltage is the actual voltage measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a small polystyrene ball?

    <p>The ball becomes polarized with electrons moving towards the rod and positive nuclei moving away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials consist of naturally polarized molecules?

    <p>Polarized materials like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of conductors?

    <p>They allow free movement of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>Both conductors become equally charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrostatic force between like charges?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the strength of the electrostatic force?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an electric circuit, what provides the driving force for the movement of charges?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potential difference (voltage) defined as?

    <p>The work done per unit charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a polarized material that will experience a force when brought close to a charged object?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of charge known as?

    <p>Elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a single electron in coulombs?

    <p>-1.6 × 10^-19 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical expression for the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Q = n × q_e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge often used in electrostatics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who measured the charge of an electron in 1909?

    <p>Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>The electrons are attracted towards the charged object, while the nuclei are repelled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where a charged object exerts a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>Repulsive forces between like charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when excess charge is placed on an insulator?

    <p>The charge remains localized where it was deposited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force between two charges of the same type?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between charges?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental concept that measures how difficult it is for electricity to pass through a circuit element?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes resistance at a microscopic level?

    <p>Collisions between electrons and the conductor's atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an object that has high resistance?

    <p>Light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>the same as the voltage supplied by the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>the sum of the currents through each parallel branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>it decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>$R_P = rac{1}{R_1} + rac{1}{R_2} + ... + rac{1}{R_n}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>it decreases the overall resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>the voltage divided by the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>because they have the same start and end points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the total current supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>it increases when more resistors are added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when resistors are added in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a series circuit?

    <p>It remains constant throughout the entire circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when resistors are connected in parallel?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage across resistors in parallel?

    <p>It is the same for each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance of resistors in series?

    <p>R_S = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is different for each path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery in a circuit?

    <p>To provide energy to drive the current through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials has low resistivity?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance when resistors are connected in series?

    <p>The sum of the individual resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors in a cellphone charger?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a battery when it is used to drive a circuit?

    <p>It loses energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do superconductors have no resistance at very low temperatures?

    <p>Their atoms are arranged in a special way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the cross-sectional area of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length, cross-sectional area, and resistance of a conductor?

    <p>R ∝ L / A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance when resistors are connected in parallel?

    <p>The reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a superconductor?

    <p>It becomes a normal conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why a positively charged rod attracts a polarised polystyrene ball?

    <p>The rod induces a dipole in the ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do electrons in a conductor move freely?

    <p>Because the conductor allows electrons to move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>Each conductor has half of the total charge after separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force between two charges of the same type?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distance between charges in the electrostatic force?

    <p>The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery in an electric circuit?

    <p>To provide a potential difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess charge on a conductor?

    <p>It is distributed evenly over the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force?

    <p>It is a long-range force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge carried by a single proton?

    <p>1.6 × 10^(-19) C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for the total charge in the universe?

    <p>Q = n × q_e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>They are attracted towards the charged object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do oil droplets experience a force in Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>Due to the electric force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge often used in electrostatics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net charge of an insulator after polarisation?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between a charged object and a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>It measured the charge of an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the light bulb filament have high resistance?

    <p>To cause it to heat up and emit light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The length of the conductor is directly proportional to its resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the cross-sectional area of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of resistors connected in series?

    <p>The sum of the individual resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a superconductor?

    <p>It has zero resistance at very low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a battery go flat?

    <p>Because the chemical potential energy is converted into heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across two points in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when resistors are connected in parallel?

    <p>The total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The cross-sectional area of the conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance of resistors connected in parallel?

    <p>1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a light bulb in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy required to move a charge from one point to another in an electric field?

    <p>Potential difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when multiple resistors are connected in series?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage across each resistor in a series circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force that pushes the charge around a circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which charge moves past a fixed point in a circuit?

    <p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a charged object exerts a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a series circuit?

    <p>It is the same at every point in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical expression for calculating potential difference?

    <p>V = W/Q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for electromotive force (EMF)?

    <p>Volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a connecting lead in a circuit?

    <p>To connect the components to complete the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the voltage across the battery when resistors are added in series?

    <p>It remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>They experience a slight shift in their positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>There are multiple paths for the current to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a material that has naturally polarised molecules?

    <p>Electric neutrality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why electrons in a conductor move freely?

    <p>Because the electrons are not localized to a specific position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical insulators touch and share excess charge?

    <p>The charges remain localized on each insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force between two charges of the same type?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the distance between two charges on the electrostatic force?

    <p>The force decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment involving rubbing a glass rod with silk and hanging it from a string?

    <p>To investigate the electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why water molecules are attracted to a charged object?

    <p>Because water molecules are polarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of resistance at a microscopic level?

    <p>The collisions between electrons and atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an object that has high resistance?

    <p>A light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the collisions between electrons and atoms in a conductor?

    <p>The electrons lose kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The sum of the currents through each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>1/R_P = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + ... + 1/R_n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>Because they are connected in parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It increases the total current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage divided by the resistance of each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the total current supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is divided among the resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnitude of the charge on a single electron?

    <p>1.6 x 10^-19 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Charge is an integer multiple of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>Electrons are attracted and nuclei are repelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where a charged object exerts a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge often used in electrostatics?

    <p>Microcoulombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who measured the charge of an electron in 1909?

    <p>Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical expression for the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Q = n * q_e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elementary charge?

    <p>The charge on a single electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why conductors can distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>Because electrons can move freely in them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>Each conductor has half of the total charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrostatic force between opposite charges?

    <p>Attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the strength of the electrostatic force?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental concept that measures how difficult it is for electricity to pass through a circuit element?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes resistance at a microscopic level?

    <p>Collisions between electrons and atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an object that has high resistance?

    <p>Light bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohms (Ω)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of internal resistance on the terminal voltage of a battery?

    <p>It decreases the terminal voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of polarisation on a neutral insulator?

    <p>It creates a dipole within the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force that pushes charges around a circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for work done in an electric circuit?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting a voltmeter in parallel with a circuit component?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across the component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which charge moves past a fixed point in a circuit?

    <p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a small polystyrene ball?

    <p>The ball becomes polarised, with electrons moving slightly towards the rod and positive nuclei moving slightly away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>Electrons are attracted and nuclei are slightly repelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of conductors that enables them to distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>The ability of electrons to move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing through the circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>The total charge is shared equally between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the charge and time in a circuit?

    <p>Charge is equal to the current multiplied by time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force between two opposite charges?

    <p>Attraction occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the strength of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery in an electric circuit?

    <p>To provide a driving force for the movement of charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod near a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference?

    <p>The work done per unit charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when excess charge is placed on an insulator?

    <p>The charge remains localized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force between two like charges?

    <p>Repulsion occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>It increases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The larger the cross-sectional area, the lower the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of resistors connected in series?

    <p>The sum of the individual resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors in a cellphone charger?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do batteries eventually go flat?

    <p>Because they convert all their chemical potential energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the resistance of a conductor and its material?

    <p>Materials with high resistivity have high resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current is different through each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across a circuit element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of connecting resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit compared to the resistance of the smallest individual resistor?

    <p>Less than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>Equal to the voltage supplied by the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The sum of the currents through each parallel branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>Because they are connected to the same battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It creates additional paths for current to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and the currents through each parallel branch?

    <p>I_total = I1 + I2 + ... + In</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a light bulb in a circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding resistors in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage across each resistor in a series circuit?

    <p>The sum of the voltages across each resistor is equal to the total voltage provided by the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current is divided among the resistors in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a series circuit?

    <p>R_S = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is the same as the voltage across the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total current supplied by the battery increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a polarised material, like water, experiences a force when brought close to a charged object?

    <p>The material's dipoles align in response to the electric field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an excess charge is placed on a conductor, what happens to the like charges?

    <p>They repel each other and spread out uniformly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?

    <p>The strength of the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a conductor allows electrons to move freely?

    <p>The conductor has a property that enables electrons to move freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>They each have half of the total charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the induced dipole on a polarised material?

    <p>It creates an attractive force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force that initiates and maintains the flow of electric charge in a circuit?

    <p>Potential difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference (voltage)?

    <p>The work done per unit charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a charged object is brought close to an insulator?

    <p>The electrons move towards the object, while the nuclei move away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>It is a long-range force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Millikan's oil drop experiment, what was used to determine the charge on an electron?

    <p>The electric force and the known forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of polarisation in a neutral insulator?

    <p>A small separation of charges within the insulator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge often used in electrostatics?

    <p>Nanocoulombs (nC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a charged object on a neutral insulator?

    <p>It induces a small separation of charges within the insulator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical expression for the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Q = n × q_e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>The electrons are attracted, and the nuclei are repelled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why excess charge on a conductor spreads out uniformly over its surface?

    <p>Because of the repulsive force between like charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons in a conductor when it is brought close to a charged object?

    <p>They move towards the charged object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow free movement of electrons, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the wires connecting the light bulb to the power source have minimal heating?

    <p>Their cross-sectional area is large.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force between two charges of the same type?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physical attributes of a conductor does not affect its resistance?

    <p>Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the strength of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>F = k * q1 * q2 / r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of a circuit if two resistors with resistances R1 and R2 are connected in series?

    <p>R1 + R2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resistance in a conductor?

    <p>The collisions between electrons and atoms in the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors in a cellphone charger?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage to charge the battery safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why resistors are added in series to a circuit?

    <p>To divide the total voltage among the resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do batteries go flat?

    <p>Because all their chemical potential energy is used up and converted into other forms of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>It is a long-range force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when resistors are connected in series?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the investigation of the electrostatic force?

    <p>To demonstrate the principles of electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance of a circuit if two resistors with resistances R1 and R2 are connected in parallel?

    <p>1 / (1/R1 + 1/R2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a voltmeter must be connected in parallel with the component across which the potential difference is to be measured?

    <p>To prevent the voltmeter from altering the current flow in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about electromotive force (EMF)?

    <p>EMF is the driving force that pushes the charge around the circuit, enabling current flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a series circuit?

    <p>It is the same at every point in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of superconductors?

    <p>They have no resistance at very low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the polarization process when a positively charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator?

    <p>A dipole is created within the atoms of the insulator, resulting in an attractive force between the charged rod and the insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the current flowing through a circuit component and the current flowing through an ammeter connected in series with the component?

    <p>The current flowing through the circuit component is equal to the current flowing through the ammeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases as the length increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the voltage across each resistor when resistors are connected in series?

    <p>It is divided among the resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the terminal voltage and the electromotive force (EMF) of a battery?

    <p>The terminal voltage is less than the EMF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>There are multiple paths for the current to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the flow of charge in a circuit?

    <p>The continuous flow of charge through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a voltmeter and an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference and current flowing through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator?

    <p>Electrons can move freely in conductors, but not in insulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a series circuit?

    <p>R_S = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the polarization of a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator experiences an attractive force due to the induced dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why an ammeter must be connected in series with the circuit component?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through the circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and the currents through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The total current is the sum of the currents through each resistor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>The total current supplied by the battery increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is the same as the voltage supplied by the battery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>Because the resistors are connected between the same two points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>The total resistance decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the current through each resistor and the voltage supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I = V/R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the total current supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The total current supplied by the battery is the sum of the currents through each resistor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total charge of an object if the number of electrons is increased by a factor of 10, while the number of protons remains constant?

    <p>The total charge becomes 10 times more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator. What happens to the nuclei of the atoms in the insulator?

    <p>They are repelled by the charged object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>It showed the quantisation of charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A certain object has a charge of 4.8 × 10^-18 C. How many elementary charges does it have?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle behind the concept of polarisation?

    <p>A charged object can induce a separation of charges in a neutral insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the attraction between a charged object and a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules have a permanent electric dipole moment that aligns with the electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a glass rod rubbed with silk is brought close to a stream of water, what happens to the water molecules?

    <p>They align their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do electrons lose kinetic energy when flowing through a conductor?

    <p>Due to the collisions between electrons and the atoms of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the excess charge on a conductor when it is shared with another identical conductor?

    <p>The excess charge is equally divided between the two conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the inverse square law in the context of electrostatic force?

    <p>It states that the electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>Its cross-sectional area and material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A copper wire has a length of 10 meters and a cross-sectional area of 2 square millimeters. If the wire is doubled in length, what will be the effect on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance will double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two resistors, R1 and R2, are connected in series. If R1 has a resistance of 5 ohms and R2 has a resistance of 10 ohms, what is the total resistance of the circuit?

    <p>15 ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A light bulb filament has a high resistance, which causes it to heat up and emit light when current flows through it. What is the primary reason for this high resistance?

    <p>The filament has a high resistivity material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do batteries eventually go flat?

    <p>The current flows through the circuit elements, converting electrical energy into other forms of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical significance of electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit?

    <p>It is the maximum energy that a battery can transfer to a unit charge in a circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the measurement of EMF and terminal voltage?

    <p>EMF is the voltage when the battery is not connected to a circuit, while terminal voltage is the voltage when it is connected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons and nuclei in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?

    <p>The electrons and nuclei separate, creating a dipole within the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force between a charged rod and a polarized insulator?

    <p>The force is attractive, pulling the insulator towards the charged rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must a voltmeter be connected in parallel with the component across which the potential difference is to be measured?

    <p>To ensure it measures the potential difference without altering the current flow in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If three resistors of 2 ohms, 3 ohms, and 4 ohms are connected in series, what is the total resistance of the circuit?

    <p>9 ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit if the total voltage is 12 volts and there are three resistors of equal resistance?

    <p>3 volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a circuit has two paths, each with a resistor of 2 ohms and a resistor of 4 ohms, what is the total current drawn from the battery if the voltage is 12 volts?

    <p>4 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current is divided among the resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the distance between two charged objects increases, what happens to the electrostatic force between them?

    <p>It decreases inversely with the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why conductors can distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>The free movement of electrons in conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying reason for the attraction between a polarized material and a charged object?

    <p>The alignment of dipoles in response to the electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an electric circuit, what is the purpose of the potential difference created by the battery?

    <p>To initiate and maintain the flow of electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the excess charge on an insulator when it is placed on the surface?

    <p>It remains localized where it was deposited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decrease in total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>Additional paths for current to flow are created.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the voltage across each resistor and the voltage supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is equal to the voltage supplied by the battery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current supplied by the battery when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I_total = I_1 + I_2 + I_3 + …</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit on the overall resistance of the circuit?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is equal to the voltage supplied by the battery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting resistors in parallel in a circuit?

    <p>To create additional paths for current to flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total current and the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The total current is the sum of the currents through each resistor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of connecting resistors in parallel in a circuit?

    <p>It creates additional paths for current to flow, increasing the total current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>R_P = 1 / (1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + 1/R_3 + …)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why water molecules align with their negative sides towards a positively charged rod?

    <p>Because water molecules are dipolar and respond to an electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons in a conductor when excess charge is placed on it?

    <p>They spread out uniformly over the surface of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>It is inversely proportional to the distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of resistance at a microscopic level?

    <p>The collision between electrons and atoms in a conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnitude of the charge on a single proton?

    <p>1.6 × 10^(-19) C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a charged object exert a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Because the charged object can induce a shift in the positions of the electrons and nuclei within the insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the elementary charge?

    <p>It is the smallest unit of charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share excess charge?

    <p>Each conductor has half of the total charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Q = n × q_e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which unit is charge often measured in electrostatics?

    <p>Microcoulombs (μC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod near a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>The ability to move electrons freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that acts between two charges of opposite types?

    <p>Attractive force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy required to move a charge from one point to another in an electric field?

    <p>Potential difference (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flow of electric charge in a circuit?

    <p>Current (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a charged object is brought near a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing through the circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a light bulb in a circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a series circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit?

    <p>The voltage is divided among the resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the current in a series circuit?

    <p>The current is the same at every point in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors in a cellphone charger?

    <p>To reduce the current flow and voltage to charge the battery safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a battery's chemical potential energy is fully converted into electrical energy?

    <p>The battery goes flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of current in a series circuit?

    <p>The current is the same through each component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance decreases with increasing cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of voltage in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is the same for each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current when more resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>1/R_P = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + ... + 1/R_n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total resistance and the resistance of the smallest individual resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>R_P &lt; R_1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It decreases the total resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is different for each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when more resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I = V/R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>Because they are connected to the same battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the total current supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is the sum of the currents through each resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The voltage across each resistor is equal to the voltage supplied by the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current in a parallel circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit compared to the resistance of the smallest individual resistor?

    <p>Less than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

    <p>1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do resistors in a parallel circuit share the same voltage?

    <p>Because the start and end points of all resistors are the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?

    <p>It decreases the total resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?

    <p>The current through each resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having multiple paths for current to flow in a parallel circuit?

    <p>To decrease the total resistance and increase the total current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current supplied by the battery in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of having a parallel circuit?

    <p>It provides multiple paths for current to flow, increasing the total current</p> Signup and view all the answers

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