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forms of matter that have the same properties throughout
forms of matter that have the same properties throughout
pure substances
have definite and unchanging chemical
composition
have definite and unchanging chemical composition
pure substance
it is the same no matter where it is from
it is the same no matter where it is from
pure substance
two types of pure substances
two types of pure substances
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substances made up of only one type of atom
substances made up of only one type of atom
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cannot be separated into simpler substances
cannot be separated into simpler substances
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they are made up of smaller particles but
cannot be broken down by ordinary
chemical means
they are made up of smaller particles but cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
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examples of elements
examples of elements
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substances made up of more than one type of atom
substances made up of more than one type of atom
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can be separated into simpler substances
can be separated into simpler substances
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they are chemically combined with definite and constant chemical composition
they are chemically combined with definite and constant chemical composition
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different from its composition
different from its composition
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Produce H+
Produce H+
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pH is less than 7
pH is less than 7
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Turn blue litmus to red
Turn blue litmus to red
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Produce OH-
Produce OH-
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pH is greater than 7
pH is greater than 7
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Turn red litmus paper to blue
Turn red litmus paper to blue
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Produced when acid and base combine or
during neutralization
Produced when acid and base combine or during neutralization
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Made up of ions
Made up of ions
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made up of two or more substances that
are physically combined
made up of two or more substances that are physically combined
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two types of mixture
two types of mixture
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made up of two or more substances that
are physically combined
made up of two or more substances that are physically combined
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Two types of mixtures
Two types of mixtures
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have only one phase and its properties and composition are the same all throughout
have only one phase and its properties and composition are the same all throughout
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Composed of solute and solvent
Composed of solute and solvent
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there is homogeneity or uniformity in
phase
there is homogeneity or uniformity in phase
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have only two or more phases
have only two or more phases
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mixtures with suspended particles
mixtures with suspended particles
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different components are evident
in t h e m i x t u r e
different components are evident in t h e m i x t u r e
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dense particles usually settle at the
b o t t o m
dense particles usually settle at the b o t t o m
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made up of tiny particles dispersed in a
m e d i u m
made up of tiny particles dispersed in a m e d i u m
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particles are so tiny that they are not
affected by gravity
particles are so tiny that they are not affected by gravity
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they remain uniformly scattered all
throughout the medium
they remain uniformly scattered all throughout the medium
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Matter changes that do not involve a transformation in the
identity of is called
Matter changes that do not involve a transformation in the identity of is called
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There is No New Matter, this law states that states that matter can not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
There is No New Matter, this law states that states that matter can not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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Study Notes
Pure Substances
- Pure substances have consistent properties and a definite chemical composition, regardless of origin.
- Two categories of pure substances include:
- Elements: Composed of only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
- Compounds: Formed from two or more types of atoms that are chemically combined, can be separated into simpler substances, and have a constant chemical composition.
Acids and Bases
-
Acids:
- Produce H+ ions.
- Have a pH less than 7.
- Turn blue litmus paper red.
-
Bases:
- Produce OH- ions.
- Have a pH greater than 7.
- Turn red litmus paper blue.
- Neutralization occurs when acids and bases combine, resulting in a compound.
Mixtures
- Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are physically combined and can be categorized into two types:
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Have only one phase, uniform properties, and composition throughout, consisting of solute and solvent.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Contain two or more visible phases with distinct components; suspended particles may settle at the bottom.
Colloids and Suspensions
- Colloids: Composed of tiny particles dispersed in a medium that remain uniformly scattered and are not influenced by gravity.
- Suspensions: Contain larger particles that can settle over time, leading to a separation of phases.
Matter and Change
- Physical changes in matter do not alter its identity.
- According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed during chemical reactions.
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