Physics Chapter on Newton's Laws and Friction

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Questions and Answers

Which type of lever is characterized by the effort being applied between the fulcrum and the load?

Second-class lever (correct)

Fourth-class lever

Third-class lever

First-class lever

Laminar flow is a chaotic movement of fluid characterized by irregular fluctuations.

False

What are the three forces that affect the motion of a body through fluids?

Buoyancy, drag, and lift

According to Bernoulli’s principle, an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in ________ pressure.

static Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forces with their descriptions:

Buoyancy = The upward force exerted by a fluid against gravity Drag = The resistance experienced by an object moving through a fluid Lift = The force that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion Weight = The force of gravity acting on an object Signup and view all the answers

What are the three variables that affect static friction?

Surface texture, normal force, temperature Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the time over which a force is applied has no effect on the acceleration of a body.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of Conservation of Momentum?

The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it. Signup and view all the answers

The puck and octopus slide off together, resulting in a shared ______ after collision.

velocity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Torque = A rotational force that causes an object to rotate Coefficient of restitution = A measure of how much kinetic energy remains after a collision Angular distance = The total angle through which an object has rotated Angular displacement = The angle between the initial and final positions of an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculation for the velocity of a hockey puck and octopus system after they collide?

Sum the momentum of both and divide by total mass Signup and view all the answers

A radian measures the angle by the ratio of the length of the arc to the radius of the circle.

True Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the linear distance travelled by a point on a rotating body as it moves further away from the axis of rotation?

It increases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton's first law: an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton's second law: the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. (F = ma)
Newton's third law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Static Friction

Three variables affecting static friction:
- The coefficient of static friction (μs)
- The normal force (Fn)
- The force of static friction (fs)

Force to Move a Box

To move a 150 kg wooden box on a carpeted floor with a coefficient of static friction of 0.65, the force needed to overcome static friction is (0.65 x Fn). The normal force (Fn) can be calculated using the formula Fn = mg , where m represents mass and g represents acceleration due to gravity.

Conservation of Momentum

Total momentum is conserved in a closed system. The total momentum before an event equals the total momentum after the event.

Hockey Puck and Octopus

A 0.115 kg hockey puck moving at 35 m/s collides with a stationary 0.265 kg octopus. They slide off together. Calculate their velocity after the collision using the law of conservation of momentum.

Effect of Increasing Force Application Time on Acceleration

Increasing the time over which a force is applied to an object decreases its acceleration.
This relationship is explained using the formula impulse = change in momentum (Ft = mvf – mvi). Time is a factor in this formula.

Ball Rebound Height

A ball with a coefficient of restitution (e) of 0.84 dropped from a height of 1.5 meters will rebound to a height of 1.5 x 0.84² meters.

Angular Distance vs. Angular Displacement

Angular distance is the total angle covered, while angular displacement is the change in angle from the starting position. They may not always be the same.

Radian Measure

A radian is a measure of an angle equal to the ratio of the arc length to the radius of the circle.

Angular Velocity

Calculate the angular velocity of a twirling baton that completes one revolution in 0.35 seconds.
Angular velocity (ω) in rads/sec = (2 * π)/time = (2 * π)/0.35

Linear Distance and Rotation

Linear distance increases as the point moves away from the axis of rotation. Angular distance is however constant.

Resultant Baseball Velocity

Given the angular velocity and radius of rotation, use the formula relating angular velocity to tangential velocity to find the resultant velocity. The tangential velocity is directly proportional to the angular velocity. It increases with increasing distance .

Effect of "Choking Up" on a Bat

"Choking up" on a bat (decreasing the radius of rotation) increases the resultant linear velocity of a hit ball, which increases efficiency of the bat swing. This effect, in practical terms, results in quicker bat swings with increased energy transfer to the ball. This is a result in increase energy transferring from the bat to the ball (more tangential velocity).
The angular kinematics involves the equations of angular motion. The angular kinetics relate angular quantities to the cause of rotation, torque.

Torque

Torque is a measure of the force that can cause rotation. Units are Newton-meters (Nm).

Types of Levers

List and distinguish different types of levers. Compare their positions of force, fulcrum and load.

Forces Affecting Motion in Fluid

Name three forces affecting the movement of an object in a fluid (or through a fluid). Examples include drag, lift, and thrust, as well as buoyancy.

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow is a type of fluid flow where the fluid moves in parallel layers.

Swimming Kicking

Besides propulsion, kicking helps swimmers maintain body position in water using propelling force from the legs.

Bernoulli's Principle

Bernoulli's principle explains the relationship between fluid velocity and pressure. It depicts how faster moving fluids have lower pressure.

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Description

Explore the fundamental principles of Newton's Laws of Motion, static friction, and the forces involved in moving objects. This quiz covers the mathematical relationships and applications of concepts like force, mass, and momentum. Test your understanding of these key physics topics with practical examples and calculations.