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What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion primarily describe?
What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion primarily describe?
An object at rest will not change its state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
An object at rest will not change its state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
True
What is the term used to describe the reluctance of an object to change its state of motion?
What is the term used to describe the reluctance of an object to change its state of motion?
inertia
An object moving with constant velocity will remain in motion in a straight line if no __________ force acts on it.
An object moving with constant velocity will remain in motion in a straight line if no __________ force acts on it.
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Match the following objects with their motion states according to Newton's 1st Law:
Match the following objects with their motion states according to Newton's 1st Law:
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Which of the following statements is true according to Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
Which of the following statements is true according to Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
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Inertia and inertial mass are synonymous terms.
Inertia and inertial mass are synonymous terms.
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The two natural states of motion are __________ and __________.
The two natural states of motion are __________ and __________.
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Momentum is conserved in a collision if the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
Momentum is conserved in a collision if the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
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What is the correct equation representing speed?
What is the correct equation representing speed?
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What precaution was taken to eliminate friction during the experiment?
What precaution was taken to eliminate friction during the experiment?
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The momentum of an object is calculated using the formula _____ = mass × velocity.
The momentum of an object is calculated using the formula _____ = mass × velocity.
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Which of the following is NOT a precaution taken in the experiment?
Which of the following is NOT a precaution taken in the experiment?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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After collision, the total momentum of two objects can be expressed as _____ = mA vA + mB vB.
After collision, the total momentum of two objects can be expressed as _____ = mA vA + mB vB.
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What is the formula used to calculate force?
What is the formula used to calculate force?
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In a free body diagram, all forces acting on the object must be represented.
In a free body diagram, all forces acting on the object must be represented.
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What must be true for forces acting perpendicular to the motion of an object?
What must be true for forces acting perpendicular to the motion of an object?
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Newton's _____ law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's _____ law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
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Match the following forces with their descriptions in a free body diagram:
Match the following forces with their descriptions in a free body diagram:
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In the case of a car accelerating up an inclined plane, which force balances the normal reaction?
In the case of a car accelerating up an inclined plane, which force balances the normal reaction?
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The equation E - D = ma can be used to find the acceleration of a car moving horizontally.
The equation E - D = ma can be used to find the acceleration of a car moving horizontally.
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What does the variable 'q' represent in the context of forces on an inclined plane?
What does the variable 'q' represent in the context of forces on an inclined plane?
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In a free body diagram, the resultant forces cause _____ of the object.
In a free body diagram, the resultant forces cause _____ of the object.
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When analyzing forces on a car moving upwards on an incline, which forces need to be resolved?
When analyzing forces on a car moving upwards on an incline, which forces need to be resolved?
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What is the formula for calculating the mass of an object?
What is the formula for calculating the mass of an object?
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According to Newton's 1st law of motion, an object in motion experiences a net force acting on it.
According to Newton's 1st law of motion, an object in motion experiences a net force acting on it.
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What is the equilibrium condition for forces acting vertically on an object?
What is the equilibrium condition for forces acting vertically on an object?
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The volume of an object with uniform cross-sectional area A and length L is given by ______.
The volume of an object with uniform cross-sectional area A and length L is given by ______.
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Match the components with their corresponding forces acting on an object on a slope:
Match the components with their corresponding forces acting on an object on a slope:
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If the weight of an object on a slope is 400 N and the angle of inclination is 30°, what is the value of component P parallel to the slope?
If the weight of an object on a slope is 400 N and the angle of inclination is 30°, what is the value of component P parallel to the slope?
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In equilibrium, the resultant force in the horizontal direction can be greater than zero.
In equilibrium, the resultant force in the horizontal direction can be greater than zero.
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How do you resolve the forces acting on an object in equilibrium?
How do you resolve the forces acting on an object in equilibrium?
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The resultant force is zero when the forces acting on an object are in ______.
The resultant force is zero when the forces acting on an object are in ______.
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What two components result from resolving the weight of an object placed on a slope?
What two components result from resolving the weight of an object placed on a slope?
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What is the formula for the weight of an object?
What is the formula for the weight of an object?
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The normal reaction force R is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the frictional force acting on the box.
The normal reaction force R is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the frictional force acting on the box.
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What are the two components of weight when considering an inclined plane?
What are the two components of weight when considering an inclined plane?
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When the frictional force F is greater than W Sin q, the resultant force acting on the box is __________.
When the frictional force F is greater than W Sin q, the resultant force acting on the box is __________.
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Match the scenario with the resulting condition of the box:
Match the scenario with the resulting condition of the box:
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Which force acts in the opposite direction to the potential motion of the box on the inclined plane?
Which force acts in the opposite direction to the potential motion of the box on the inclined plane?
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According to Newton's first law, if there is no resultant force acting on the box, it will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity.
According to Newton's first law, if there is no resultant force acting on the box, it will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity.
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What does the equation R = W Cos q represent?
What does the equation R = W Cos q represent?
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When resolved, the component of the weight that is parallel to the inclined plane is expressed as __________.
When resolved, the component of the weight that is parallel to the inclined plane is expressed as __________.
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If the weight component down the slope is equal to the frictional force, what happens to the box?
If the weight component down the slope is equal to the frictional force, what happens to the box?
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Study Notes
Newton's Laws of Motion
- A force is a push or pull exerted by one object on another object
- Forces can be classified as contact forces or action-at-a-distance forces
- Contact forces result when two objects are in direct contact. Examples include friction and tension
- Action-at-a-distance forces act even when objects are not in contact. Examples include gravitational, magnetic, and electric forces
- Forces in nature can be classified into three fundamental types: gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces
- A free body diagram shows all the forces acting on an object. The size of the arrow represents the magnitude of the force and the arrow points in the direction of force
- A body continues in its state of rest or of uniform unaccelerated motion in a straight line if no external resultant force acts on it
- The natural states of motion are rest and motion with constant velocity
- In the absence of a resultant force, an object at rest stays at rest. An object moving with constant velocity remains in motion with constant velocity
- An unbalanced force changes an object’s natural state of motion
- Inertia is the reluctance of an object to move or change its direction or speed when moving in a straight line
- Inertial mass measures how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object. The higher the inertial mass, the more difficult it is to change the velocity
- Mass is a measure of how difficult it is to accelerate a body, or an object's inertia
- Mass is measured by a balance and is measured in kilograms
- Weight is the force of attraction of a planet, moon, or star on an object and is measured in Newtons
- Pressure is defined as the mass per unit volume. The equation for density is p = m/V, where p is density in kg/m³; m is mass in kilograms, and V is volume in cubic meters
Newton's First Law of Motion
- Candidates should be able to state and apply Newton's first law of motion.
- Candidates should be able to link inertial mass with Newton's first law of motion.
- Candidates should be able to define density.
- Candidates should be able to state the equation for density and use it to solve problems.
- Candidates should be able to name the two fundamental forces that can act outside the nucleus.
- Candidates should be able to draw free-body diagrams
- Candidates should be able to explain what is meant by center of mass
- Candidates should be able to distinguish between smooth and rough surfaces
Newton's Second Law of Motion
- Candidates should be able to define linear momentum
- Candidates should be able to state Newton's second law of motion in terms of the rate of change of momentum
- Candidates should be able to express Newton's second law of motion as F = Δp/Δt, where F is the resultant force, p is momentum, m is mass, v is velocity, and t is time.
- Candidates should be able to derive the equation F = ma, where m is the mass taken to be constant, and a is the acceleration.
- Candidates should be able to define the newton using Newton's second law of motion.
- Candidates should be able to write down the equation representing Newton's second law of motion and use it to solve problems where only the mass is changing or only the velocity is changing, but not both changing at the same time.
Time of Impact and Impulse
- Candidates should be able to explain what is meant by time of impact.
- Candidates should be able to discuss how changing the time of impact affects the force of impact
Common Forces
- Candidates should be able to determine the weight of an object given its mass and the acceleration due to gravity.
- Candidates should be able to solve simple problems involving frictional force between two surfaces that do not include the coefficient of friction
Drag and Terminal Velocity
- Candidates should be able to explain qualitatively what drag and viscosity are.
- Candidates should be able to explain qualitatively how the drag depends on the area, viscosity, and velocity.
- Candidates should be able to draw the velocity–time graph of a body falling in a viscous medium.
- Candidates should be able to state what is meant by terminal velocity
- and explain how this can be attained by a body falling in a viscous fluid
Pressure
- Candidates should be able to define pressure in terms of the force and the area on which it acts.
- Candidates should be able to write down the equation P = F/A, where P is pressure and A is area, and use it to solve problems.
- Candidates should be able to state the equation for hydrostatic pressure and use it to solve problems.
Conservation of linear momentum
- A candidate should be able to state the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
- A candidate should be able to describe in detail an experiment that verifies the principle of conservation of momentum.
- A candidate should be able to describe in detail the procedures and precautions involved in conducting an experiment that verifies the principle of conservation of momentum.
- A candidate should be able to solve problems using the principle of conservation of momentum in one dimension
- A candidate should be able to distinguish between perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions
- A candidate should be able to determine if a given collision is perfectly elastic or inelastic
Solving Newton's 1st law of motion problems
- The resultant force (and the forces) on an object must be balanced for the object to be at rest or moving at constant velocity
- Coplanar forces acting on a system in equilibrium will have zero resultant force in perpendicular directions of motion.
Solving Newton's 2nd law of motion problems
- Draw a free body diagram, including all the forces acting on an object
- Resolve the forces into perpendicular directions, based on motion directions (horizontal and vertical/ along and perpendicular to slope).
- Using F=ma calculate any unknowns.
Impulse and Time of Impact
- Impulse is the product of the resultant force on an object and the time impact.
- Impulse measures the effect of force.
- The greater the force of impact or the longer the time of impact, the greater the change in the object's momentum
- If the change in momentum is constant, the force of impact is inversely proportional to the time of impact.
Common Forces
- Weight: The weight of an object is the force due to gravity pulling on it. It is related to the object's mass by the formula W = mg.
- Frictional force: Friction resists the motion of an object across a surface.
Types of Collisions
- Elastic collisions: In elastic collisions, the total momentum and total kinetic energy of the system are conserved (e.g. collision of billiard balls)
- Inelastic collisions: In inelastic collisions, the total momentum is conserved, but some kinetic energy is lost (e.g. a ball hitting the ground).
- Super-elastic collisions: Total momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy increases (e.g. explosion situations)
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Description
Test your understanding of Newton's First Law of Motion with this quiz. The questions cover key concepts such as inertia, force, momentum, and the basic principles regarding motion. Perfect for reinforcing your physics knowledge in the context of classical mechanics.
