Properties of Matter

Definition of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• It is the physical substance that makes up all objects, living and non-living.

Properties of Matter

• Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object, which remains constant regardless of its location.
• Volume: the amount of space occupied by an object.
• Density: the ratio of mass to volume of an object.

States of Matter

• Solid: a state of matter where particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume.
• Liquid: a state of matter where particles are close together but are free to move past each other.
• Gas: a state of matter where particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction.
• Plasma: a high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized and electrons are free to move.

Classification of Matter

• Elements: substances that consist of only one type of atom.
• Compounds: substances that consist of two or more different elements.
• Mixtures: physical combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Physical Changes of Matter

• Melting: the change from a solid to a liquid state.
• Freezing: the change from a liquid to a solid state.
• Evaporation: the change from a liquid to a gas state.
• Condensation: the change from a gas to a liquid state.

Chemical Changes of Matter

• Chemical reaction: a process in which one or more substances are changed into new substances.
• Chemical bonding: the formation of chemical bonds between atoms to form compounds.
• Chemical decomposition: the breaking down of a compound into simpler substances.

Definition and Properties of Matter

• Matter is anything with mass and occupies space, making up all objects, living and non-living.
• Mass remains constant regardless of location, measuring the amount of matter in an object.
• Volume is the space occupied by an object, and density is the ratio of mass to volume.

States of Matter

• Solids have closely packed particles, fixed shape, and volume.
• Liquids have close particles that can move past each other, with a fixed volume but variable shape.
• Gases have widely spaced particles that can move freely, with variable shape and volume.
• Plasmas have ionized atoms and free-moving electrons.

Classification of Matter

• Elements consist of only one type of atom.
• Compounds consist of two or more different elements.
• Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Physical Changes of Matter

• Melting changes a solid to a liquid state.
• Freezing changes a liquid to a solid state.
• Evaporation changes a liquid to a gas state.
• Condensation changes a gas to a liquid state.

Chemical Changes of Matter

• Chemical reactions involve the transformation of one or more substances into new substances.
• Chemical bonding forms compounds by forming chemical bonds between atoms.
• Chemical decomposition breaks down compounds into simpler substances.