Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of metals?

  • Being brittle and non-ductile
  • Having low density
  • Being dull and non-lustrous
  • Being good conductors of electricity and heat (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metals?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Having high density
  • Poor conductors of electricity and heat (correct)
  • Being malleable and ductile

What do metals tend to do in chemical reactions?

  • React with oxygen to produce oxides
  • Do not react with acids
  • Gain electrons to form anions
  • Lose electrons to form cations (correct)

What is a characteristic of non-metals in chemical reactions?

<p>Gain electrons to form anions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for elements that exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals?

<p>Metalloids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a metal?

<p>Sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-metal?

<p>Neon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are metals often found in the periodic table?

<p>Left and center of the periodic table (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

  • Typically shiny and lustrous
  • Good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets) and ductile (can be stretched into thin wires)
  • High density
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Often found in the left and center of the periodic table

Non-Metals:

  • Dull and non-lustrous
  • Poor conductors of electricity and heat
  • Brittle (break easily) and non-ductile
  • Low density
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Often found in the right side of the periodic table

Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

  • Tend to lose electrons to form cations (positively charged ions)
  • React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
  • React with oxygen to produce oxides

Non-Metals:

  • Tend to gain electrons to form anions (negatively charged ions)
  • Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
  • React with oxygen to produce oxides, but often in a different way than metals

Examples of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

  • Alkali metals (e.g. sodium, potassium)
  • Alkaline earth metals (e.g. magnesium, calcium)
  • Transition metals (e.g. iron, copper)
  • Post-transition metals (e.g. zinc, tin)

Non-Metals:

  • Noble gases (e.g. helium, neon)
  • Halogens (e.g. chlorine, iodine)
  • Chalcogens (e.g. oxygen, sulfur)
  • Pnictogens (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus)
  • Carbon and its allotropes (e.g. diamond, graphite)

Metalloids

  • A group of elements that exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals
  • Examples: silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium
  • Often found on the border between metals and non-metals in the periodic table

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

  • Metals are typically shiny and lustrous, good conductors of electricity and heat, and have high density and high melting and boiling points.
  • Metals are also malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets) and ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).
  • Non-metals are dull and non-lustrous, poor conductors of electricity and heat, and have low density and low melting and boiling points.
  • Non-metals are brittle (break easily) and non-ductile.

Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

  • Metals tend to lose electrons to form cations (positively charged ions) and react with acids to produce hydrogen gas.
  • Metals react with oxygen to produce oxides.
  • Non-metals tend to gain electrons to form anions (negatively charged ions) and do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas.
  • Non-metals react with oxygen to produce oxides, but often in a different way than metals.

Examples of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals

  • Alkali metals (e.g. sodium, potassium) are examples of metals.
  • Alkaline earth metals (e.g. magnesium, calcium) are examples of metals.
  • Transition metals (e.g. iron, copper) are examples of metals.
  • Post-transition metals (e.g. zinc, tin) are examples of metals.

Non-Metals

  • Noble gases (e.g. helium, neon) are examples of non-metals.
  • Halogens (e.g. chlorine, iodine) are examples of non-metals.
  • Chalcogens (e.g. oxygen, sulfur) are examples of non-metals.
  • Pnictogens (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) are examples of non-metals.
  • Carbon and its allotropes (e.g. diamond, graphite) are examples of non-metals.

Metalloids

  • Metalloids are a group of elements that exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals.
  • Examples of metalloids include silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.
  • Metalloids are often found on the border between metals and non-metals in the periodic table.

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Learn about the characteristics of metals and non-metals, including their appearance, conductivity, malleability, density, and melting and boiling points.

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