6 Questions
What is the main characteristic of metals in terms of electron loss or gain?
They tend to lose electrons to form positive ions.
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metals?
They are brittle and have low density.
What is the main difference between metals and non-metals in terms of their reactivity?
Metals tend to lose electrons, while non-metals tend to gain electrons.
Which of the following elements is a metalloid?
Si
Which of the following statements is true about metals and non-metals?
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are poor conductors.
Which of the following is a characteristic of transition metals?
They are a group of metals that include Fe, Cu, Ag, and Au.
Study Notes
Metals
Physical Properties:
- Typically shiny and lustrous
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets)
- Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires)
- High density
Chemical Properties:
- Tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
- React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Often react with oxygen to form oxides
Examples of Metals:
- Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs
- Alkaline earth metals: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
- Transition metals: Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
- Post-transition metals: Zn, Cd, Hg
Non-Metals
Physical Properties:
- Typically dull and non-lustrous
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle (cannot be shaped into thin sheets)
- Low density
Chemical Properties:
- Tend to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
- Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Often react with oxygen to form oxides
Examples of Non-Metals:
- Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
- Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I
- Chalcogens: O, S, Se, Te
- Pnictogens: N, P, As, Sb
- Carbon and its allotropes (e.g. diamond, graphite)
Metalloids
- A group of elements that exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals
- Examples: Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Differences between Metals and Non-Metals
- Reactivity: Metals tend to lose electrons, while non-metals tend to gain electrons
- Conductivity: Metals are good conductors, while non-metals are poor conductors
- Physical appearance: Metals are typically shiny and lustrous, while non-metals are dull and non-lustrous
Metals
- Typically have a shiny and lustrous appearance
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Can be shaped into thin sheets (malleable) and stretched into thin wires (ductile)
- Have high density
- Tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
- React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Often react with oxygen to form oxides
- Examples: alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), transition metals (Fe, Cu, Ag, Au), post-transition metals (Zn, Cd, Hg)
Non-Metals
- Typically have a dull and non-lustrous appearance
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle and cannot be shaped into thin sheets
- Have low density
- Tend to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
- Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Often react with oxygen to form oxides
- Examples: noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe), halogens (F, Cl, Br, I), chalcogens (O, S, Se, Te), pnictogens (N, P, As, Sb), carbon and its allotropes (e.g. diamond, graphite)
Metalloids
- Exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals
- Examples: Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Key Differences
- Reactivity: metals lose electrons, non-metals gain electrons
- Conductivity: metals are good conductors, non-metals are poor conductors
- Physical appearance: metals are shiny and lustrous, non-metals are dull and non-lustrous
This quiz covers the physical and chemical properties of metals, including their physical characteristics, chemical reactions, and examples of different metal types.
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