10 Questions
What is the primary purpose of port addresses in TCP/IP communication?
To label different processes running on the same computer
Which of the following statements about logical and physical addresses is NOT correct?
Physical addresses are not necessary for data communication on the Internet
Suppose computer A is communicating with computer C using TELNET, and at the same time, computer A is communicating with computer B using FTP. What is the purpose of port addresses in this scenario?
To label the different processes running on computer A
Which of the following statements about the relationship between logical and physical addresses is correct?
Logical addresses usually remain the same from source to destination, while physical addresses change from hop to hop
What is the primary purpose of the data link layer in the TCP/IP architecture?
To identify the physical location of the destination host
Which of the following is NOT a key difference between logical and physical addresses in the TCP/IP architecture?
Logical addresses are necessary for data to travel from source to destination, while physical addresses are not
Suppose a computer is running multiple processes, each with a unique port address. What is the purpose of these port addresses?
To label the different processes running on the same computer
Which of the following is a key characteristic of logical addresses in the TCP/IP architecture?
They usually remain the same from the source to the destination
What is the primary purpose of the routing table in the TCP/IP architecture?
To determine the path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination
Suppose a computer is communicating with two other computers using different protocols (e.g., TELNET and FTP). How do port addresses help in this scenario?
They label the different processes running on the same computer
Study Notes
Physical Addresses
- Physical address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.
- It is included in the frame used by the data link layer.
- Physical addresses have authority over the network (LAN or WAN).
- The size and format of these addresses vary depending on the network.
- For example, Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit) physical address, while LocalTalk (Apple) has a 1-byte dynamic address.
Physical Addresses Example
- A node with physical address 10 sends a frame to a node with physical address 87 in a bus topology LAN.
- The frame contains physical (link) addresses in the header, which are the only addresses needed at the data link layer.
- The header contains other information needed at this level, and the trailer usually contains extra bits needed for error detection.
Physical Addresses Format
- Most local-area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physical address written as 12 hexadecimal digits.
- Every byte (2 hexadecimal digits) is separated by a colon, e.g., 07:01:02:01:2C:4B.
Logical Addresses
- Logical addresses are necessary for universal communications that are independent of underlying physical networks.
- A logical address in the Internet is currently a 32-bit address that can uniquely define a host connected to the Internet.
- No two publicly addressed and visible hosts on the Internet can have the same IP address.
Logical Addresses Example
- Each device (computer or router) has a pair of addresses (logical and physical) for each connection in an internet with multiple routers and LANs.
- Each computer has only one pair of addresses, while each router has multiple pairs of addresses, one for each connection.
Port Addresses
- The IP address and the physical address are necessary for a quantity of data to travel from a source to the destination host.
- However, a system that sends nothing but data from one computer to another is not complete.
- Computers can run multiple processes at the same time, and the end objective of Internet communication is a process communicating with another process.
- Port addresses are necessary to label the different processes, and in the TCPIIP architecture, a port address is 16 bits in length.
Port Addresses Example
- Two computers can communicate via the Internet, with the sending computer running multiple processes at the same time, each with a port address (e.g., a, b, and c).
Test your knowledge on the differences between physical addresses and logical addresses in computer networking. Learn about the significance of physical addresses at the data link layer and how they relate to underlying physical networks.
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