Y1S2 009 III Biochem Carbohydrate Structure and Macromolecules

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What is the primary source of energy for the body?

Carbohydrates (correct)

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

What is the general empirical formula for carbohydrates?

Cn(H2O)n^2

Cn(H2O)n-1

Cn(H2O)n (correct)

Cn(H2O)n+1

Which of the following is NOT a type of macromolecule?

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Minerals (correct)

Proteins

What is the most abundant carbohydrate in terms of human metabolism?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

How are macromolecules created?

Through polymerization of smaller subunits Signup and view all the answers

If a carbohydrate has 7 carbons, what would be its molecular formula?

C7(H2O)7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of enantiomers?

Mirror images of each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between D-glucose and D-mannose?

Configuration at C-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for six-membered ring monosaccharides?

Pyranoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for monosaccharides that rotate polarized light to the right?

Dextrorotatory Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glucose in human metabolism?

It is the most important simple carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of diastereomers?

They differ in configuration at one or more chiral centres Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of galactose?

Dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fructose intolerance?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide called?

Glycosidic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down a disaccharide into its monosaccharide subunits?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural isomer of glucose that is sweeter than glucose?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excess of galactose that results in cataracts due to an enzyme deficiency?

Galactosemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the branches formed by amylopectin in starch?

1-6 glycosidic bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the structure of glycogen and amylopectin?

Glycogen has α-(1,6) branching every 12 glucose units, whereas amylopectin has α-(1,6) branching every 24-30 glucose units. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the five-carbon aldehyde sugar found in nucleic acids?

D-Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the glucose units in amylose?

Linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe heteropolysaccharides?

Glycosaminoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of amylose in starch?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the human body?

Lubricating and absorbing shock in joints and connective tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between chitin and hyaluronic acid?

Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, while hyaluronic acid is found in synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the repeating disaccharide unit composed of in chondroitin sulfate?

Glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of chitin in medicine?

As a surgical thread that biodegrades as a wound heals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heparin in medical applications?

Preventing blood clotting after surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended use of chondroitin sulfate?

For the prevention and management of osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers