Y1S2 009 III Biochem Carbohydrate Structure and Macromolecules
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy for the body?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids

What is the general empirical formula for carbohydrates?

  • Cn(H2O)n^2
  • Cn(H2O)n-1
  • Cn(H2O)n (correct)
  • Cn(H2O)n+1

Which of the following is NOT a type of macromolecule?

  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
  • Minerals (correct)
  • Proteins

What is the most abundant carbohydrate in terms of human metabolism?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are macromolecules created?

<p>Through polymerization of smaller subunits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a carbohydrate has 7 carbons, what would be its molecular formula?

<p>C7(H2O)7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of enantiomers?

<p>Mirror images of each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between D-glucose and D-mannose?

<p>Configuration at C-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for six-membered ring monosaccharides?

<p>Pyranoses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for monosaccharides that rotate polarized light to the right?

<p>Dextrorotatory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glucose in human metabolism?

<p>It is the most important simple carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of diastereomers?

<p>They differ in configuration at one or more chiral centres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of galactose?

<p>Dairy products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fructose intolerance?

<p>Hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide called?

<p>Glycosidic bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down a disaccharide into its monosaccharide subunits?

<p>Hydrolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural isomer of glucose that is sweeter than glucose?

<p>Fructose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excess of galactose that results in cataracts due to an enzyme deficiency?

<p>Galactosemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the branches formed by amylopectin in starch?

<p>1-6 glycosidic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the structure of glycogen and amylopectin?

<p>Glycogen has α-(1,6) branching every 12 glucose units, whereas amylopectin has α-(1,6) branching every 24-30 glucose units. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the five-carbon aldehyde sugar found in nucleic acids?

<p>D-Ribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the glucose units in amylose?

<p>Linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe heteropolysaccharides?

<p>Glycosaminoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of amylose in starch?

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the human body?

<p>Lubricating and absorbing shock in joints and connective tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between chitin and hyaluronic acid?

<p>Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, while hyaluronic acid is found in synovial fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the repeating disaccharide unit composed of in chondroitin sulfate?

<p>Glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of chitin in medicine?

<p>As a surgical thread that biodegrades as a wound heals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heparin in medical applications?

<p>Preventing blood clotting after surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended use of chondroitin sulfate?

<p>For the prevention and management of osteoarthritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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