30 Questions
What is the primary source of energy for the body?
Carbohydrates
What is the general empirical formula for carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n
Which of the following is NOT a type of macromolecule?
Minerals
What is the most abundant carbohydrate in terms of human metabolism?
Glucose
How are macromolecules created?
Through polymerization of smaller subunits
If a carbohydrate has 7 carbons, what would be its molecular formula?
C7(H2O)7
What is the characteristic of enantiomers?
Mirror images of each other
What is the difference between D-glucose and D-mannose?
Configuration at C-2
What is the general term for six-membered ring monosaccharides?
Pyranoses
What is the term for monosaccharides that rotate polarized light to the right?
Dextrorotatory
What is the significance of glucose in human metabolism?
It is the most important simple carbohydrate
What is the characteristic of diastereomers?
They differ in configuration at one or more chiral centres
What is the primary source of galactose?
Dairy products
What is the result of fructose intolerance?
Hypoglycemia
What is the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide called?
Glycosidic bond
What is the term for the process of breaking down a disaccharide into its monosaccharide subunits?
Hydrolysis
What is the structural isomer of glucose that is sweeter than glucose?
Fructose
What is the term for the excess of galactose that results in cataracts due to an enzyme deficiency?
Galactosemia
What is the characteristic feature of the branches formed by amylopectin in starch?
1-6 glycosidic bonds
What is the primary difference between the structure of glycogen and amylopectin?
Glycogen has α-(1,6) branching every 12 glucose units, whereas amylopectin has α-(1,6) branching every 24-30 glucose units.
What is the name of the five-carbon aldehyde sugar found in nucleic acids?
D-Ribose
What is the characteristic feature of the glucose units in amylose?
Linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
What is the term used to describe heteropolysaccharides?
Glycosaminoglycans
What is the percentage of amylose in starch?
20%
What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the human body?
Lubricating and absorbing shock in joints and connective tissues
What is the main difference between chitin and hyaluronic acid?
Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, while hyaluronic acid is found in synovial fluid
What is the repeating disaccharide unit composed of in chondroitin sulfate?
Glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine
What is the primary use of chitin in medicine?
As a surgical thread that biodegrades as a wound heals
What is the function of heparin in medical applications?
Preventing blood clotting after surgery
What is the recommended use of chondroitin sulfate?
For the prevention and management of osteoarthritis
Test your understanding of carbohydrate structure, macromolecules, and their role as a primary source of energy. This quiz covers the basics of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, and their importance in the body. Learn about the different types of macromolecules and their subunits.
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