Organic Chemistry: Carbon-Based Molecules and Carbohydrates

Carbon molecules can have chains, double-bonds (which can vary in location), and rings.

Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structures. They can be different because of branching, which is when carbon skeletons might be unbranched or branched.

Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen.

<p>OH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OPO3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers are made from identical or similar building blocks strung together. When breaking apart polymers, a hydrolysis reaction is needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis is a chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates range from small sugar molecules to large polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple sugars. Glucose, fructose, galactose. Main fuel molecules for the cell. Cells use glucose to release energy our cells use for many different things. Cells use the carbon skeletons of the monosaccharides as raw material for making other organic molecules such as amino acids and fatty acids. Building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides. A monomer is just the most basic unit of any polymer, while a monosaccharide is just the most basic unit of any carbohydrate polymer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids are diverse hydrophobic compounds composed largely of carbon and hydrogen. Composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Components of cell membranes. The phospholipid bilayer in a cell membrane is made up of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are involved in nearly every dynamic function in your body and are very diverse. They function as enzymes, storage in seeds, can receive signals, etc. They are composed of differing arrangements of a common set of just 20 amino acids. The function of different types of proteins depends on their shape. The main elements found in proteins are C, H, O, N, S. The main function is enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein unravels, loses its specific shape, and loses its function. Excessive heat can cause this to happen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different sequences of amino acids, monomers that contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, an H atom, and an R group, all attached to a central carbon. The R groups distinguish 20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acid monomers are linked together in a dehydration reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chain of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary: the sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds in its polypeptide chains, secondary: coiling or folding of the chain, stabilized by hydrogen bonds, tertiary: overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide, resulting from interactions among R groups, quaternary: proteins made of more than one polypeptide. The secondary structure gains its 3d shape from H bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monomers that make up nucleic acids. Composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Linked together, they form a single strand of the DNA and RNA molecule. The nitrogenous bases pair up with each other to join the two strands of DNA together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The base adenine will only pair up with thymine, cytosine will only pair with guanine. A - T. C - G. and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls inheritance by the type and order of base pairs in the molecule. Double-stranded.</p> Signup and view all the answers