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Questions and Answers
Describe and draw the ring forms of α-glucose and β-glucose.
Describe and draw the ring forms of α-glucose and β-glucose.
α-glucose has the hydroxyl group on the first carbon atom pointing down, while β-glucose has it pointing up.
A ___ is a single sugar molecule.
A ___ is a single sugar molecule.
monosaccharide
A ___ is made of two sugar molecules.
A ___ is made of two sugar molecules.
disaccharide
A ___ is made of more than two sugar molecules.
A ___ is made of more than two sugar molecules.
What role do covalent bonds play in joining smaller molecules together to form polymers?
What role do covalent bonds play in joining smaller molecules together to form polymers?
Sucrose is a reducing sugar.
Sucrose is a reducing sugar.
Which of the following are reducing sugars? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are reducing sugars? (Select all that apply)
What is a glycosidic bond?
What is a glycosidic bond?
What occurs during the hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond?
What occurs during the hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond?
Match the following carbohydrates with their descriptions:
Match the following carbohydrates with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Monomers are single molecules
- Polymers are made up of more than one molecule
- Macromolecules are large molecules made of many molecules
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- The general formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y.
- The three main groups of carbohydrates are:
- Monosaccharides: made up of one sugar molecule.
- Disaccharides: made up of two sugar molecules.
- Polysaccharides: made up of many sugar molecules
Monosaccharides
- They easily dissolve in water to form sweet tasting solutions.
- The general formula for monosaccharides is (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule
- The key types of monosaccharides are:
- Trioses (3C)
- Pentoses (5C) - ribose and deoxyribose (DNA & RNA)
- Hexoses (6C) - glucose and fructose
The Two Forms of Glucose
- Glucose (C6H12O6) is the most common monosaccharide.
- Glucose exists in two forms - alpha (α) glucose and beta (β) glucose.
- The two isomers of glucose form different polysaccharides.
Covalent Bonds in Polymers
- Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds are very stable, requiring high energy to break.
- Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar.
- When monomers bond together with covalent bonds forming a polymer, this is called polymerisation.
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