Questions and Answers
What equations represent photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
stroma
The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____
water...NADPH
Identify the chloroplast.
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Where is the stroma?
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Identify a thylakoid.
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What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
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What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
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What connects the two photosystems in the light reactions?
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What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle?
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What provides electrons for the light reactions?
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What provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle?
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What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle?
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The light reactions take place in the _________ and the Calvin cycle takes place in the _________.
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Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?
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_____ releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.
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_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e-.
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Energized electrons from ____ enter an electron transport chain and are then used to reduce NADP+.
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Chlorophyll can be found in _____.
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The radioactive isotope used in Calvin experiments was ____.
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The Calvin cycle describes the conversion of ____.
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Paper chromatography is used to ____.
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What type of organism was used in Calvin's experiments?
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Identify parts of the chloroplast during light reactions.
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Identify the Calvin cycle.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Main equation for photosynthesis: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
- Occurs in chloroplasts, primarily in plant cells.
Calvin Cycle
- The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) serves as the source of carbon for sugar molecules.
- Produces glucose through the fixation of CO₂.
Light Reactions
- Use water (H₂O) and produce NADPH.
- Oxygen (O₂) is released as a byproduct.
- H₂O provides electrons essential for the light reactions.
- Occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- ATP and NADPH produced during light reactions power the Calvin cycle.
Connections in Photosynthesis
- An electron transport chain connects the two photosystems during light reactions.
- NADPH transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle.
Energy Processes
- ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP.
- Energy from the electron transport chain pumps hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.
Additional Information
- Photosystem II splits water into oxygen (O₂), protons (H⁺), and electrons (e⁻).
- Energized electrons from photosystem I reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH.
- Chlorophyll is present in both photosystems, essential for capturing light energy.
Experimental Insights
- Carbon-14 was used as a radioactive isotope in Calvin's experiments.
- Paper chromatography separates components for analysis, useful in studying photosynthesis.
- Algae were used as model organisms in Calvin’s research.
Summary of Components
- In light reactions, key components include thylakoids and chlorophyll.
- The Calvin cycle involves CO₂ and converts it into carbohydrates, mainly glucose.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of photosynthesis with this quiz. Questions cover equations, the Calvin cycle, light reactions, and chloroplast structures. Ideal for students studying biology or environmental science.
