Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the biosphere, energy flows in what sequence?
In the biosphere, energy flows in what sequence?
- Plants → Sun → Animals → Heat
- Sun → Plants → Animals → Heat (correct)
- Animals → Plants → Sun → Heat
- Sun → Animals → Plants → Heat
Photosynthesis is exclusively carried out by plants.
Photosynthesis is exclusively carried out by plants.
False (B)
Where do photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle take place within the chloroplast?
Where do photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle take place within the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis happens in the thylakoid membrane, and the Calvin cycle happens in the stroma.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, _____ is split, releasing oxygen.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, _____ is split, releasing oxygen.
Match the following:
Match the following:
What is the starting molecule of the Calvin Cycle?
What is the starting molecule of the Calvin Cycle?
Shorter wavelengths of light contain less energy than longer wavelengths.
Shorter wavelengths of light contain less energy than longer wavelengths.
What enzyme drives the Calvin Cycle?
What enzyme drives the Calvin Cycle?
The three-carbon molecule that is produced into sugar from the Calvin cycle is _________.
The three-carbon molecule that is produced into sugar from the Calvin cycle is _________.
What molecule provides the carbon that eventually forms sugar in photosynthesis?
What molecule provides the carbon that eventually forms sugar in photosynthesis?
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
In which stage of glucose oxidation is ATP produced via substrate-level phosphorylation?
In which stage of glucose oxidation is ATP produced via substrate-level phosphorylation?
Name the two molecules that combine to form citrate at the start of the citric acid cycle.
Name the two molecules that combine to form citrate at the start of the citric acid cycle.
In its ________ form, NAD+ can accept electrons.
In its ________ form, NAD+ can accept electrons.
Match the following processes with their location in the cell:
Match the following processes with their location in the cell:
In cellular respiration, when is the majority of ATP produced?
In cellular respiration, when is the majority of ATP produced?
Aerobic respiration and fermentation both use oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Aerobic respiration and fermentation both use oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
What is the key difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the key difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
In oxidation a molecule ________ electrons, while in reduction a molecule ________ electrons.
In oxidation a molecule ________ electrons, while in reduction a molecule ________ electrons.
What is the role of the electron transport chain in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Flashcards
Energy Flow
Energy Flow
Energy in our biosphere flows from the sun to autotrophs (plants), then to heterotrophs (animals), resulting in heat and metabolic energy.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The process where plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle take place, containing thylakoids and stroma.
Linear Electron Flow
Linear Electron Flow
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Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
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Source of Oxygen
Source of Oxygen
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Oxidation
Oxidation
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Reduction
Reduction
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Electron Carrier
Electron Carrier
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Stages of the Calvin Cycle
Stages of the Calvin Cycle
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Calvin Cycle Starting Molecule
Calvin Cycle Starting Molecule
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Enzyme that Drives Calvin Cycle
Enzyme that Drives Calvin Cycle
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3-Carbon Molecule
3-Carbon Molecule
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Source of Carbon
Source of Carbon
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Light Wavelength/Energy
Light Wavelength/Energy
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Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis
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Rubisco
Rubisco
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Proton Motive Force
Proton Motive Force
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Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
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Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Energy flows in the biosphere from the sun to plants (autotrophs) to animals (heterotrophs), then as heat and metabolic energy.
- Besides plants, other organisms can perform photosynthesis.
- Know the structures of the chloroplast and the locations within it where photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle occur.
- Linear electron flow occurs through the photosystems of the thylakoid membrane.
- The light reactions involve processes related to water, and it's important to understand their inputs, outputs, and significance for the Calvin Cycle.
- Plants release oxygen derived from water (H2O).
- Identify what is oxidized and reduced during photosynthesis.
- Identify electron carriers produced in the light reactions and recognize them in their oxidized and reduced forms.
- Calvin Cycle:
- Three stages
- Starting molecule
- Driving enzyme
- A 3-carbon molecule forms sugar
- The origin of the carbon
- There is an inverse relationship between the wavelength and energy level of light.
- Key terms include: chemiosmosis, rubisco, proton motive force, electron transport chain, RuBP, photosystem, chlorophyll, NADPH, stomata, stroma, thylakoid, photorespiration, autotroph, and heterotroph.
Cellular Respiration
- Glucose oxidation involves several stages.
- Understand the specific locations within the cell or organelles where glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur.
- Know the inputs and outputs of each phase of glucose oxidation.
- Differentiate between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Understand the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as fermentation.
- Identify electron carriers involved in glucose oxidation and recognize their oxidized/reduced forms (e.g., NAD+).
- Know the two molecules that combine to form citrate at the beginning of the Citric Acid Cycle.
- Key terms include: ATP, proton motive force, electron transport chain, chemiosmosis, glycolysis, pyruvate, acetyl CoA, phosphate, oxaloacetate, fermentation, electron carrier, NAD+, FAD+, oxidation, and reduction.
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