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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of photosynthesis?
- To produce oxygen as a byproduct
- To break down organic compounds into carbon dioxide
- To convert light energy into chemical energy (correct)
- To regulate Earth's temperature
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
- In the stroma of chloroplasts
- In the cytoplasm of plant cells
- In the mitochondria of plant cells
- In the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts (correct)
What is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?
What is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?
- Carbon dioxide
- Glucose
- Oxygen (correct)
- Water
What is necessary for the Calvin cycle to continue?
What is necessary for the Calvin cycle to continue?
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What is the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis?
What is the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis?
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What is the role of phytoplankton in aquatic food webs?
What is the role of phytoplankton in aquatic food webs?
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Study Notes
Overview of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
- Light energy is absorbed by pigments such as chlorophyll and converted into ATP and NADPH
- Water is oxidized, releasing oxygen as a byproduct
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Take place in the stroma of chloroplasts
- Carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions
- Regeneration of RuBP, the five-carbon sugar, is necessary for the cycle to continue
Overall Equation
- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Light: intensity, quality, and duration affect photosynthetic rate
- Temperature: optimal temperatures vary among species, but generally between 20-30°C
- Water: availability and drought can limit photosynthesis
- CO2: concentration and availability can limit photosynthesis
Importance of Photosynthesis
- Provides energy and organic compounds for plants to grow and develop
- Supports aquatic food webs through phytoplankton
- Produces oxygen as a byproduct, essential for most living organisms
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