Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Quiz

16 Questions

What is the primary location of light independent reactions in photosynthesis?

Stroma of the chloroplast

What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Lactic acid

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light dependent reactions?

Glucose

What is the role of pepsin in the digestive system?

Breaks down proteins

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

Increases the surface area for absorption

What is the function of the septum in the heart?

Separates the atria from the ventricles

What is the general term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion

What is the term for the amount of time a substance takes to travel a certain distance in chromatography?

Rf value

What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?

To regulate heart rate

What type of immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells?

Humoral immunity

What is the term for the clumping of red blood cells in response to an antigen?

Agglutination

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

To produce hormones

During inhalation, which muscle contracts to expand the chest cavity?

Diaphragm

What is the term for the process by which the body compensates for reduced blood flow during a murmur?

Tachycardia

What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

To reabsorb water and essential nutrients

What type of muscle is characterized by the presence of myofibrils and actin-myosin interactions?

Skeletal muscle

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Products of photosynthesis: glucose, oxygen
Reactants of photosynthesis: carbon dioxide, water, light
Light-dependent reactions: occur in thylakoid membranes, produce ATP and NADPH
Light-independent reactions (Calvin-Benson Cycle): occur in stroma, produce glucose
Chloroplast parts: stroma, thylakoids, lamellae, grana
Products of aerobic respiration: carbon dioxide, water, ATP (36-38 ATP)
Products of anaerobic respiration: lactic acid, ATP (2 ATP)

Biochemistry and Enzymes

Properties of water: cohesion, polarity, high surface tension
Organic compounds: contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Inorganic compounds: do not contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
Tests for macromolecules: Biuret (proteins), Benedict's (reducing sugars), Iodine (starch)
Factors affecting enzymes: heat, acidity, pH, substrate concentration
Denaturation of enzymes: loss of function due to heat, pH, or chemicals

The Digestive System

Parts of the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Roles of each part: mouth (mechanical breakdown), stomach (protein digestion), small intestine (nutrient absorption), large intestine (water absorption)
pH levels: mouth (neutral), stomach (acidic), small intestine (alkaline), large intestine (slightly acidic)
Mechanical vs. chemical digestion: mouth (mechanical), stomach (chemical)

The Circulatory System

Heart structures: ventricles, atria, septum, purkinje fibers
Blood flow through the heart: atria → ventricles → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → atria
Roles of vena cava and aorta: vena cava (deoxygenated blood), aorta (oxygenated blood)
Veins vs. arteries: veins (thinner walls, lower pressure), arteries (thicker walls, higher pressure)

Blood and Immunity

Components of blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Functions of each component: erythrocytes (oxygen transport), leukocytes (immune response), thrombocytes (blood clotting)
Blood types: A, B, AB, O; Rh factor: positive or negative
Agglutination: clumping of red blood cells due to incompatible blood types
Antigens and antibodies: antigens (foreign substances), antibodies (immune response)

The Respiratory System

Parts of the respiratory system: trachea, bronchi, alveoli, diaphragm
Mechanism of breathing: diaphragm contraction (inhalation), diaphragm relaxation (exhalation)
Movement of gases: oxygen into alveoli, carbon dioxide out of alveoli
Interpretation of spirogram: measures lung volume and airflow

The Excretory System

Structures of the excretory system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Pathway of urine: kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra
Kidney structure: medulla, pelvis, nephrons
Nephron structure: glomerulus, loop of Henle, collecting duct

Muscles

Types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Structure of skeletal muscles: muscle fibers, myofibrils, actin, myosin
Causes of muscle cramps and atrophy: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, muscle damage

Test your knowledge of photosynthesis and cellular respiration processes, including reactants, products, and chloroplast parts. Learn about light-dependent and independent reactions, and ATP production.

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