Biology: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
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Questions and Answers

What aspect should all options in a multiple choice question share?

  • They should vary in length and complexity.
  • They should include phrases from the text.
  • They should be homogeneous in content. (correct)
  • They should all be direct quotes from the content.

    • Which statement is not true about the stem of a multiple choice question?

  • The stem should avoid irrelevant material.
  • The stem should be meaningful by itself.
  • The stem can be negatively stated if it serves significant learning outcomes.
  • The stem must reference text to be valid. (correct)

    • What is a critical feature of distractors in a multiple choice question?

  • Distractors should include examples from the content.
  • Distractors must be less plausible than the correct answer.
  • Distractors must reflect common misconceptions. (correct)
  • Distractors should always be the longest options.

    • What is essential for the correct answer in a multiple choice question?

    <p>It should accurately reflect the content provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which guideline should be followed when creating multiple choice question options?

    <p>Options should be mutually exclusive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis during cellular respiration?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is produced during the Krebs cycle?

    <p>$CO_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alcoholic fermentation, what does pyruvate convert into after acetaldehyde?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During lactic acid fermentation, which substance is produced from pyruvate?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in yeast during fermentation?

    <p>Alcohol fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the outputs of one turn of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>2 CO₂, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for NADH and FADH₂ to be oxidized back to NAD⁺ and FAD?

    <p>To allow for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to proceed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain?

    <p>It is used to produce ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are produced from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total estimated ATP yield from one glucose molecule throughout cellular respiration?

    <p>32-34 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Yeast and some bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is produced during the fermentation process in yeast?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced through anaerobic respiration?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in converting pyruvate into lactate during lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants of anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Glucose only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation in animals?

    <p>ATP and lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference in ATP production between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Aerobic respiration produces more ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondrion?

    <p>Cellular energy generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pyruvate oxidation, how many carbon dioxide molecules are released?

    <p>2 carbon dioxide molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main products of one turn of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More active cells, such as muscle cells, are characterized by having:

    <p>More mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

    • Aerobic respiration is a process that uses oxygen to produce energy from glucose.
    • Anaerobic respiration is a process that does not use oxygen to produce energy from glucose.
    • The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)

    Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

    • Photosynthesis equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
    • Cellular respiration equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
    • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the reverse of each other.
    • Photosynthesis in plants produces glucose and oxygen
    • Cellular respiration breaks down the glucose to release energy.

    Cellular Respiration Process

    • Glycolysis: glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. This process produces a net gain of 2 ATP.
    • Pyruvate oxidation: pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix. This process releases 2 CO₂ and produces 2 NADH.
    • Citric Acid Cycle: acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle). This process releases 4 CO₂, produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, and 2 ATP.
    • Oxidative phosphorylation/Electron transport chain: The electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂) pass electrons to the electron transport chain, generating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce a large amount of ATP. This process produces 32-34 ATP.

    Fermentation

    • Fermentation is an anaerobic respiration process.
    • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast, producing ethanol and CO₂.
    • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells during low oxygen conditions, producing lactic acid. Both processes regenerate NAD⁺, allowing glycolysis to continue.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and their relationship with photosynthesis. This quiz covers key equations, the steps of cellular respiration, and the reversed nature of photosynthesis. Test your knowledge on these fundamental biological processes.

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