Photosynthesis and Cellular Energy
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Energy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of photosynthetic pigments in phototrophs?

  • To break down organic molecules
  • To trap energy in the form of light (correct)
  • To synthesize ATP
  • To facilitate fermentation

    • Which of the following molecules is NOT a high-energy compound that stores energy for cellular use?

  • Glucose (correct)
  • Adenosine 5’triphosphate (ATP)
  • Acetyl Co-A
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

    • What is the primary source of sulfur for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids?

  • SO42-
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Hydrogen sulfide
  • Organic sulfur compounds (correct)

    • Which ion is involved in the transport of solutes into the cell?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

    <p>To act as an electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a component of cell membranes, cell walls, and ribosomes?

    <p>Mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of iron in the cell?

    <p>To act as a co-factor for enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT a component of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

    <p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytochromes?

    <p>Aromatic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>To generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>ATP and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Respiration using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of reducing nitrate to gaseous nitrogen compounds?

    <p>Denitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of quinones?

    <p>Aromatic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in generating ATP?

    <p>To pump protons across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of superoxide dismutase in organisms that live in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>To convert superoxide anions into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for degrading hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in most bacteria?

    <p>Catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the candle jar in culturing certain bacteria?

    <p>To decrease the concentration of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria requires specialized conditions where all oxygen is removed from the environment?

    <p>Anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase?

    <p>Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CO2 generating kit in anaerobic jars?

    <p>To increase the concentration of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction catalyzed by catalase?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide is converted into water and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria possesses peroxidase to reduce hydrogen peroxide?

    <p>Aerotolerant anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes passive diffusion?

    <p>It is driven by the concentration gradient of solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do permeases play in facilitated diffusion?

    <p>They act as carriers for specific solute molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can the rate of facilitated diffusion plateau?

    <p>Because all available permeases become saturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which temperature range do mesophiles grow optimally?

    <p>30°C to 40°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is typically responsible for food spoilage in refrigerators?

    <p>Psychrotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are likely to cross membranes via passive diffusion?

    <p>Lipids such as glycerol and small molecules like water, CO2, and O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does facilitated diffusion differ from passive diffusion?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to aid solute transport while passive diffusion does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism can be classified as a psychrotroph?

    <p>Pseudomonas fluorescens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the concentration gradient in passive diffusion decreases?

    <p>The rate of inward movement of molecules slows down until equilibrium is reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of hyperthermophiles' plasma membranes allows them to withstand high temperatures?

    <p>Phytane, a branched saturated isoprenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>It can reverse the direction of transport depending on solute concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the majority of hyperthermophiles typically found?

    <p>Thermal vents of the sea floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation allows psychrophiles' cell membranes to remain semi-fluid in cold temperatures?

    <p>High concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of molecules does Escherichia coli have multiple transport mechanisms for?

    <p>Galactose and leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are psychrophiles unable to function at body temperature (37°C)?

    <p>Their protein synthesis systems are heat-sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of thermophiles that allows their plasma membranes to withstand high temperatures?

    <p>Saturated lipids with a high melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

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