Podcast
Questions and Answers
In consonant harmony, if V0 is placed between a trigger and a target, what does this indicate?
In consonant harmony, if V0 is placed between a trigger and a target, what does this indicate?
- The trigger and the target are both consonants. (correct)
- The trigger is a consonant and the target separated by multiple vowels.
- The trigger is a consonant and the target is a vowel.
- The trigger is a vowel and the target is separated by one consonant.
What does alpha notation accomplish when combining rules D and E into one rule?
What does alpha notation accomplish when combining rules D and E into one rule?
- It matches specifications of a feature using the alpha symbol. (correct)
- It eliminates the need to specify the feature.
- It indicates that the features are always opposite.
- It changes the rule from assimilation to deletion.
According to Rule F, what happens to a vowel following a [+ATR] segment?
According to Rule F, what happens to a vowel following a [+ATR] segment?
- It is deleted if there is an interviening consonant
- Its ATR feature remains unchanged
- It becomes [-ATR], regardless of the number of intervening consonants
- It surfaces as [+ATR] (correct)
How is Twi [ATR] harmony different from Dagbani [ATR] harmony?
How is Twi [ATR] harmony different from Dagbani [ATR] harmony?
What does Rule G, [+syllabic] → [αATR] / ___ C0 [αATR] represent?
What does Rule G, [+syllabic] → [αATR] / ___ C0 [αATR] represent?
What is the common characteristic of assimilation and harmony rules?
What is the common characteristic of assimilation and harmony rules?
What is the term for assimilation where sounds become exact copies of each other?
What is the term for assimilation where sounds become exact copies of each other?
What does the symbol “Ø” represent in phonological rules that discuss epenthesis?
What does the symbol “Ø” represent in phonological rules that discuss epenthesis?
In rules of deletion, what does the symbol 'Ø' indicate?
In rules of deletion, what does the symbol 'Ø' indicate?
In the assimilation process, what do we refer to as the sound that undergoes a change?
In the assimilation process, what do we refer to as the sound that undergoes a change?
Which of the following describes the sound that causes a change in the feature specification of another sound?
Which of the following describes the sound that causes a change in the feature specification of another sound?
If a target sound is located to the left of the trigger, what type of assimilation is occurring?
If a target sound is located to the left of the trigger, what type of assimilation is occurring?
Which of these words contains partial assimilation?
Which of these words contains partial assimilation?
In the word 'tenth' [tɛn̪-θ], which sound is the target of assimilation?
In the word 'tenth' [tɛn̪-θ], which sound is the target of assimilation?
What is the key difference between complete and partial assimilation?
What is the key difference between complete and partial assimilation?
Given the word 'eighth' [eɪt̪ -θ], what is the trigger of assimilation?
Given the word 'eighth' [eɪt̪ -θ], what is the trigger of assimilation?
What is the underlying representation (UR) for the word that surfaces as [sĩŋ-iŋ]?
What is the underlying representation (UR) for the word that surfaces as [sĩŋ-iŋ]?
In the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ], what process separates the vowel and nasal?
In the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ], what process separates the vowel and nasal?
Why does the progressive marker prevent the vowel from becoming nasalised in the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ]?
Why does the progressive marker prevent the vowel from becoming nasalised in the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ]?
What is the correct surface form of /bɔn/ after applying vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion?
What is the correct surface form of /bɔn/ after applying vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion?
What is the primary cause of assimilation in phonetics?
What is the primary cause of assimilation in phonetics?
In French, what is the effect of a nasal sound following another nasal sound?
In French, what is the effect of a nasal sound following another nasal sound?
What does the notation [+syl] → [+nas]/__+nas]σ represent in relation to vowel nasalization?
What does the notation [+syl] → [+nas]/__+nas]σ represent in relation to vowel nasalization?
In the context of assimilation, what does 'sacrificing a phonetic component' mean?
In the context of assimilation, what does 'sacrificing a phonetic component' mean?
Why is it difficult to articulate /n/ followed by /k/ without assimilation?
Why is it difficult to articulate /n/ followed by /k/ without assimilation?
If nasal deletion was applied before vowel nasalisation to /bɔn/, what incorrect surface form would result?
If nasal deletion was applied before vowel nasalisation to /bɔn/, what incorrect surface form would result?
What principle does the interaction of vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion in French demonstrate?
What principle does the interaction of vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion in French demonstrate?
What are the three phonetic components that are central to assimilation?
What are the three phonetic components that are central to assimilation?
In the term 'iŋ-kəɹɛkt' what specific feature of /n/ is most likely changed due to assimilation?
In the term 'iŋ-kəɹɛkt' what specific feature of /n/ is most likely changed due to assimilation?
Which of these is NOT a fundamental aspect to consider in the analysis of assimilation?
Which of these is NOT a fundamental aspect to consider in the analysis of assimilation?
What is another term that can be used instead of 'assimilation'?
What is another term that can be used instead of 'assimilation'?
How many fundamental issues are discussed as being needed for a complete analysis of assimilation?
How many fundamental issues are discussed as being needed for a complete analysis of assimilation?
What is a key assumption of Autosegmental Phonology regarding tone?
What is a key assumption of Autosegmental Phonology regarding tone?
What is the function of association lines in Autosegmental Phonology?
What is the function of association lines in Autosegmental Phonology?
Which of the following is NOT an association type of tone to segments in Autosegmental Phonology?
Which of the following is NOT an association type of tone to segments in Autosegmental Phonology?
What is the characteristic of a contour tone, according to Autosegmental Phonology?
What is the characteristic of a contour tone, according to Autosegmental Phonology?
What does 'floating tone' refer to in Autosegmental Phonology?
What does 'floating tone' refer to in Autosegmental Phonology?
According to the provided rules, what tonal transition occurs after another low tone?
According to the provided rules, what tonal transition occurs after another low tone?
In the provided rule, what does 'H → R' represent?
In the provided rule, what does 'H → R' represent?
What is the significance of the observation that both L and F end with L with respect to the tonal rules?
What is the significance of the observation that both L and F end with L with respect to the tonal rules?
What is the primary difference in how tones are treated in linear derivational theory versus Autosegmental Phonology?
What is the primary difference in how tones are treated in linear derivational theory versus Autosegmental Phonology?
In the example /òké òkpá/ → [òkôkpá], what happens to the tone when the vowel is deleted?
In the example /òké òkpá/ → [òkôkpá], what happens to the tone when the vowel is deleted?
What is the 'twin sister convention' and when is it typically applied?
What is the 'twin sister convention' and when is it typically applied?
What is meant by a 'floating tone'?
What is meant by a 'floating tone'?
What forces a floating tone to re-link to another TBU?
What forces a floating tone to re-link to another TBU?
In the example /èké élà/ → [èkélà], what is the surface form after the application of the twin sister convention?
In the example /èké élà/ → [èkélà], what is the surface form after the application of the twin sister convention?
According to the content provided, what is the primary focus of the next lecture?
According to the content provided, what is the primary focus of the next lecture?
Which of these represents the correct sequence of operations for tone changes when going from underlying representation (UR) to surface form?
Which of these represents the correct sequence of operations for tone changes when going from underlying representation (UR) to surface form?
Flashcards
Assimilation
Assimilation
The process of changing the pronunciation of a sound based on the sounds around it.
Trigger
Trigger
The sound that causes the change in another sound.
Target
Target
The sound that undergoes a change in pronunciation.
Direction
Direction
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Domain
Domain
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Feature
Feature
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Regressive Assimilation
Regressive Assimilation
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Progressive Assimilation
Progressive Assimilation
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Assimilation Direction
Assimilation Direction
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Complete Assimilation
Complete Assimilation
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Partial Assimilation
Partial Assimilation
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Direction of Assimilation
Direction of Assimilation
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Harmony
Harmony
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Insertion/Epenthesis
Insertion/Epenthesis
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Autosegmental Phonology
Autosegmental Phonology
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Tone-Bearing Unit (TBU)
Tone-Bearing Unit (TBU)
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One-to-One association
One-to-One association
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One-to-Many association
One-to-Many association
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Many-to-One association
Many-to-One association
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Floating Tone
Floating Tone
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Toneless TBU
Toneless TBU
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Contour Tone
Contour Tone
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Vowel Nasalization
Vowel Nasalization
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Progressive Suffixation
Progressive Suffixation
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Surface Form
Surface Form
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Underlying Representation (UR)
Underlying Representation (UR)
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Nasal Deletion
Nasal Deletion
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Rule Ordering
Rule Ordering
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Environment
Environment
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Derived Surface Form
Derived Surface Form
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Welfomedness Condition
Welfomedness Condition
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Twin Sister Convention
Twin Sister Convention
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Vowel Deletion
Vowel Deletion
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Tone Re-linking
Tone Re-linking
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Tone Simplification
Tone Simplification
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Adjacent Tone Restriction
Adjacent Tone Restriction
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Study Notes
Phonological Processes: Assimilation
- Assimilation is a process where a sound becomes more similar to a neighboring sound.
- The sound undergoing assimilation adopts a new feature from the neighboring sound.
- The assimilating sound does not lose its original feature.
- Assimilation involves various features, including place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing.
- Any sound can assimilate to any feature in these categories, such as place, manner of articulation, and voicing.
Phonological Processes: Harmony
- Harmony is a type of assimilation, but it involves non-adjacent sounds.
- Adjacent sounds are required in assimilation, while non-adjacent sounds are required in harmony.
- A harmonic feature is a shared feature value between non-adjacent sounds within a domain.
- Harmony is more focused on phonology than phonetics.
- Assimilation is a phonetic process, while harmony is a phonological process.
- Consonant harmony and vowel harmony are both possible, though vowel harmony is more common.
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