Phonology Quiz on Consonant Harmony

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Questions and Answers

In consonant harmony, if V0 is placed between a trigger and a target, what does this indicate?

The trigger and the target are both consonants. (correct)

The trigger is a consonant and the target separated by multiple vowels.

The trigger is a consonant and the target is a vowel.

The trigger is a vowel and the target is separated by one consonant.

What does alpha notation accomplish when combining rules D and E into one rule?

It matches specifications of a feature using the alpha symbol. (correct)

It eliminates the need to specify the feature.

It indicates that the features are always opposite.

It changes the rule from assimilation to deletion.

According to Rule F, what happens to a vowel following a [+ATR] segment?

It is deleted if there is an interviening consonant

Its ATR feature remains unchanged

It becomes [-ATR], regardless of the number of intervening consonants

It surfaces as [+ATR] (correct)

How is Twi [ATR] harmony different from Dagbani [ATR] harmony?

Twi harmony is bidirectional, while Dagbani is left-to-right only. Signup and view all the answers

What does Rule G, [+syllabic] → [αATR] / ___ C0 [αATR] represent?

Right-to-left spread of ATR feature in Twi Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of assimilation and harmony rules?

One segment changes the feature of another segment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for assimilation where sounds become exact copies of each other?

Complete assimilation Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol “Ø” represent in phonological rules that discuss epenthesis?

The absence of a segment in the underlying representation. Signup and view all the answers

In rules of deletion, what does the symbol 'Ø' indicate?

The segment is deleted from the word Signup and view all the answers

In the assimilation process, what do we refer to as the sound that undergoes a change?

The target Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the sound that causes a change in the feature specification of another sound?

The trigger Signup and view all the answers

If a target sound is located to the left of the trigger, what type of assimilation is occurring?

Progressive assimilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these words contains partial assimilation?

unpaid Signup and view all the answers

In the word 'tenth' [tɛn̪-θ], which sound is the target of assimilation?

/n/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between complete and partial assimilation?

Whether the sounds become identical or not. Signup and view all the answers

Given the word 'eighth' [eɪt̪ -θ], what is the trigger of assimilation?

/θ/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying representation (UR) for the word that surfaces as [sĩŋ-iŋ]?

/siŋ/ Signup and view all the answers

In the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ], what process separates the vowel and nasal?

Progressive suffixation Signup and view all the answers

Why does the progressive marker prevent the vowel from becoming nasalised in the derivation of [siŋ-ĩŋ]?

It separates the vowel and nasal into different syllables. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct surface form of /bɔn/ after applying vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion?

[bɔ]̃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of assimilation in phonetics?

The co-articulation of adjacent sounds. Signup and view all the answers

In French, what is the effect of a nasal sound following another nasal sound?

It is deleted through nasal deletion. Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation [+syl] → [+nas]/__+nas]σ represent in relation to vowel nasalization?

A syllabic sound becomes nasalized before a nasal consonant in the same syllable. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of assimilation, what does 'sacrificing a phonetic component' mean?

Altering a sound to match an adjacent sound. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to articulate /n/ followed by /k/ without assimilation?

The articulators cannot move from alveolar to velar quickly. Signup and view all the answers

If nasal deletion was applied before vowel nasalisation to /bɔn/, what incorrect surface form would result?

[bɔñ] Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the interaction of vowel nasalisation and nasal deletion in French demonstrate?

The order of applying multiple phonological rules matters. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phonetic components that are central to assimilation?

Place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. Signup and view all the answers

In the term 'iŋ-kəɹɛkt' what specific feature of /n/ is most likely changed due to assimilation?

Its place of articulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a fundamental aspect to consider in the analysis of assimilation?

The social context of the speaker's intention. Signup and view all the answers

What is another term that can be used instead of 'assimilation'?

Co-articulation Signup and view all the answers

How many fundamental issues are discussed as being needed for a complete analysis of assimilation?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is a key assumption of Autosegmental Phonology regarding tone?

Tone is associated with segments but is considered independent of them Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of association lines in Autosegmental Phonology?

They link tones to the segments that bear them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an association type of tone to segments in Autosegmental Phonology?

Many-to-many Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a contour tone, according to Autosegmental Phonology?

It is the result of a many-to-one association of different level tones. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'floating tone' refer to in Autosegmental Phonology?

A tone that is not associated with any segment. Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided rules, what tonal transition occurs after another low tone?

A high tone becomes a rising tone Signup and view all the answers

In the provided rule, what does 'H → R' represent?

A high tone becomes a rising tone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the observation that both L and F end with L with respect to the tonal rules?

It implies that any tonal change after a low tone can also occur after low. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in how tones are treated in linear derivational theory versus Autosegmental Phonology?

Linear derivational theory treats tones as part of segments, while Autosegmental Phonology treats them as independent. Signup and view all the answers

In the example /òké òkpá/ → [òkôkpá], what happens to the tone when the vowel is deleted?

The tone becomes a floating tone and relinks to another tone bearing unit (TBU). Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'twin sister convention' and when is it typically applied?

It is a convention that simplifies adjacent identical tones; applied after a floating tone re-links to another TBU. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a 'floating tone'?

A tone that is not associated with any tone bearing unit (TBU) at some point. Signup and view all the answers

What forces a floating tone to re-link to another TBU?

The Welformedness Condition. Signup and view all the answers

In the example /èké élà/ → [èkélà], what is the surface form after the application of the twin sister convention?

[èkélà] Signup and view all the answers

According to the content provided, what is the primary focus of the next lecture?

Discussion on floating tones using data on a dialect of Ewe. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents the correct sequence of operations for tone changes when going from underlying representation (UR) to surface form?

Vowel deletion, tone re-linking, twin sister convention. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phonological Processes: Assimilation

Assimilation is a process where a sound becomes more similar to a neighboring sound.
The sound undergoing assimilation adopts a new feature from the neighboring sound.
The assimilating sound does not lose its original feature.
Assimilation involves various features, including place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing.
Any sound can assimilate to any feature in these categories, such as place, manner of articulation, and voicing.

Phonological Processes: Harmony

Harmony is a type of assimilation, but it involves non-adjacent sounds.
Adjacent sounds are required in assimilation, while non-adjacent sounds are required in harmony.
A harmonic feature is a shared feature value between non-adjacent sounds within a domain.
Harmony is more focused on phonology than phonetics.
Assimilation is a phonetic process, while harmony is a phonological process.
Consonant harmony and vowel harmony are both possible, though vowel harmony is more common.

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Description

Test your understanding of consonant harmony concepts in phonology. Explore the intricacies of vowel placement, assimilation rules, and the characteristics that differentiate languages like Twi and Dagbani. This quiz covers various phonological rules and their implications.