Phlebotomy Chapter 6 Review

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is described as an anuclear, biconcave disk?

  • Leukocyte
  • Thrombocyte
  • Erythrocyte (correct)
  • Plasma

The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation is the?

right atrium

The thick muscle layer of the heart is called the?

myocardium

The ECG shows P waves due to?

<p>atrial contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

When taking a blood pressure, the systolic pressure is the pressure reading when the?

<p>first heart sounds are heard as the cuff is deflated</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of the pulmonary system is to?

<p>carry blood to and from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood vessels are listed in the proper order of blood flow?

<p>capillary, venule, vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The internal space of a blood vessel is called the?

<p>lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

The longest vein and the longest artery in the body in that order are?

<p>great saphenous and aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

The preferred vein for venipuncture in the 'H' pattern is the?

<p>median cubital</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major difference between plasma and serum is that plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual's blood type (A, B, AB, or O) is determined by the presence or absence of which of the following on the red blood cells?

<p>antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct sequence of events after blood vessel injury?

<p>platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, fibrin clot formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph originates from?

<p>tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

A heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs is called?

<p>congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thin membrane lining the heart that is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels is called the?

<p>endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Partitions that separate the right and left chambers are called?

<p>septa</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bicuspid valve in the heart is also called the?

<p>mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of the right ventricle is to?

<p>deliver blood to the pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fast heart beat is called?

<p>tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound of the heartbeat comes from?

<p>opening and closing of the valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries during?

<p>ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries carries deoxygenated blood?

<p>Pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vein is defined as any blood vessel that carries?

<p>blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

While selecting a vein for venipuncture, you feel a distinct pulse. What you are feeling is a/an?

<p>artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

A major difference between veins and arteries is that veins have valves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica?

<p>adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins are most commonly used for venipuncture?

<p>median cubital and cephalic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formed elements is actually part of a bone marrow cell called a megakaryocyte?

<p>thrombocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whole blood consists of all of the following except?

<p>fibrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person's blood type is determined by antigens on the surfaces of the?

<p>red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The third response of the coagulation process is?

<p>hemostatic plug formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

When platelets stick to each other during the coagulation process, it is called?

<p>aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

<p>remove microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

A blood clot circulating in the bloodstream is called a/an?

<p>embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure in the heart that starts the heartbeat is the?

<p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal ECG tracing is useful for diagnosing?

<p>damage to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erythrocytes' main function is to?

<p>carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

A laboratory test that is ordered to evaluate the hemostatic process is?

<p>prothrombin time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Erythrocytes

Anuclear, biconcave disks that transport oxygen from lungs to tissues.

Plasma

Blood component containing fibrinogen, crucial for coagulation.

Blood type antigens

Blood typing is determined by these identifiers on red blood cells.

Right atrium

Heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

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Myocardium

The thick muscular layer of the heart responsible for contractions.

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Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle.

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P waves

Indicate atrial contractions on an ECG.

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AV node

Coordinates the heart's electrical activity.

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Systolic pressure

Measured when the first heart sounds are heard during blood pressure assessment.

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Diastolic pressure

Arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation.

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Pulmonary system

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

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Blood flow sequence

Capillaries, venules, veins

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Events following blood vessel injury

Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, fibrin clot formation

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Hemostatic plug formation

Occurs after platelet aggregation during clotting.

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Longest vein

Great saphenous vein

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Longest artery

Aorta

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Veins

Carry blood towards the heart.

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Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

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Lumen

The internal space of blood vessels where blood flows.

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Tunica adventitia

Outer layer of blood vessels that provides structural support.

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Valves in veins

A key feature present in veins but not arteries.

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Congestive heart failure

Fluid buildup in the lungs due to heart dysfunction.

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Tachycardia

Increased heart rate.

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Embolus

A blood clot that moves through the bloodstream.

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Thrombocytes (platelets)

Formed elements linked to megakaryocytes, playing a vital role in clotting.

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Prothrombin time testing

Evaluates the hemostatic process.

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Study Notes

Blood Components and Functions

  • Erythrocytes are anuclear, biconcave disks essential for oxygen transport from lungs to tissues.
  • Plasma contains fibrinogen while serum does not; this distinction is crucial in coagulation processes.
  • Blood typing (A, B, AB, O) is defined by antigens present on red blood cells.

Heart Anatomy and Physiology

  • The right atrium is the heart chamber that receives systemic blood.
  • The myocardium is the heart's thick muscular layer responsible for contractions.
  • The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, regulates blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle.

Cardiac Electrical Activity

  • P waves on an ECG indicate atrial contractions, signaling heartbeats.
  • The AV node initiates the heartbeat, coordinating the heart's electrical activity.

Blood Pressure and Circulation

  • Systolic pressure is measured upon the first heart sounds during blood pressure assessment.
  • Diastolic pressure reflects arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation.

Circulatory Pathways

  • The pulmonary system carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • The correct sequence of blood flow through vessels starts with capillaries, followed by venules, and then veins.

Coagulation and Hemostasis

  • Following blood vessel injury, the order of events is platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and fibrin clot formation.
  • Hemostatic plug formation occurs after platelet aggregation during clotting.

Veins, Arteries, and Blood Composition

  • The longest vein is the great saphenous vein; the longest artery is the aorta.
  • Veins carry blood towards the heart, while arteries typically transport blood away from the heart.

Blood Vessel Structure

  • The lumen is the internal space of blood vessels where blood flows.
  • The outer layer of blood vessels is called tunica adventitia; it provides structural support.
  • Veins are characterized by having valves, a feature that arteries do not possess.

Other Key Concepts

  • Congestive heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs, indicating heart dysfunction.
  • Tachycardia refers to an increased heart rate, a condition that may signal various health issues.
  • Embolus describes a blood clot that moves through the bloodstream, potentially causing obstructions.
  • Thrombocytes (platelets) are formed elements linked to megakaryocytes, playing a vital role in clotting processes.
  • Prothrombin time testing evaluates the hemostatic process, important for diagnosing clotting disorders.

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