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Questions and Answers
What instrument does Aristotle believe humanity uses to make moral choices?
According to Aristotle, what should not excuse immoral conduct?
How does Sartre view human freedom in relation to other people?
What does Sartre mean by the phrase 'man is what he makes of himself'?
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What debate exists between Sartre and Gabriel Marcel regarding human freedom?
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What is implied about freedom in Sartre's philosophy?
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What does the concept of 'reward and punishment of rulers' indicate in Aristotle’s perspective?
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What role does 'praise and blame' play in Aristotle’s view of moral responsibility?
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According to Marcel, what is essential for an individual to achieve true autonomy?
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What does Marcel suggest about obligations in society?
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How does Marcel characterize the relationship between community and individual freedom?
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Which statement best reflects the discussion of human freedom according to the disagreement mentioned?
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What question does Marcel raise about the nature of true freedom?
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Study Notes
Aristotle's View on Volition
- Individuals possess the ability to choose between good and bad actions
- Everyone bears responsibility for their own moral choices
- Individual actions (not character) are the basis of moral accountability
- Consequences of individual actions are the individuals responsibility
Existentialist Views on Freedom
- Sartre and Marcel both emphasized human freedom as a key aspect of existence
- Sartre believed true freedom lies in contradicting others (being independent and autonomous)
- He suggested alienation from others leads to true freedom
- Marcel asserted that true freedom is achieved through engagement with others, and in interdependence
- He believed that our essence is intertwined with our relationships
- Human freedom is valuable, but there is debate about how to best achieve it
Sartre's View on Self-Determination
- Humans are self-determining: Individuals shape their own essence through their choices and actions
- Humans have no pre-conceived essence: We are free to create our own identities and values
- "Man is what he makes of himself": We are responsible for the people we become
Marcel's View on Freedom and Community
- Freedom is achieved in community: Engaging with others allows individuals to find their true selves
- Esse est co-esse (to be is to co-exist): Our identities are shaped by our relationships with others
- Freedom and obligations: Individuals are free but also obligated to contribute to society
- Relinquishing obligations endangers the community: Being part of a community ensures individual freedom
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Description
Explore Aristotle's perspective on moral responsibility and individual volition, alongside existentialist views from Sartre and Marcel on freedom. This quiz delves into the nuances of self-determination and the role of relationships in achieving true freedom. Test your understanding of these philosophical ideas and their implications on personal choices.
