40 Questions
What do the natural sciences aim to derive through experiments?
General laws
What is the primary focus of the humanities?
Studying local traditions and history
What do the social sciences generally attempt to do?
Develop scientific methods
What is a characteristic of anthropological social sciences?
Deriving nuanced descriptions
What is the primary goal of anthropology?
To provide a holistic account of humans and human nature
How is anthropology typically divided in the United States?
Into four sub-fields
What is the origin of the word 'anthropos'?
Greek for person
How did Eric Wolf describe sociocultural anthropology?
As the most scientific of the humanities
What is the common characteristic of professionals like Kenneth Lay and Bernard Ebbers?
They were blinded by self-interest.
Why are top management who take personal pay cuts in difficult financial times respected?
Because they show empathy towards affected employees.
What should companies consider before making decisions that affect employees?
Both the impact on employees and the environment.
Why may a manager's decision to halt a process due to environmental concerns not be appreciated by the company?
Because the company prioritizes profits over environmental protection.
How can morality be promoted effectively?
By setting a good personal example.
When are personal values and ethical behavior taught?
In early childhood.
Why is teaching an employee ethics not always effective?
Because understanding ethics does not necessarily result in behaving ethically.
What is necessary for making ethical decisions?
Analyzing the situation and considering the goals of the firm.
Why did anthropologists initially study societies with simpler social organizations?
To gain a more holistic understanding of humanity
What is the term used to describe the study of human societies, institutions, and topics that have changed over time?
History
What is the primary goal of anthropologists when studying a particular culture?
To understand the culture in a holistic manner
What is the term used to describe societies that are not industrialized or Western?
Less complex societies
What is the term used to describe the study of the human past?
History
What is the primary distinction between history and anthropology?
History focuses on the past, while anthropology focuses on the present
What is the term used to describe the idea that all human cultures are part of one large, evolving global culture?
Globalization
Why is it important for anthropologists to consider the relationships between local observations and global patterns?
To understand the complexity of human cultures
What is the main reason behind the issuance of codes by corporations and regulatory bodies?
To be seen as socially responsible
Which of the following organizations has issued codes of best practices?
All of the above
What is the focus of courses in Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other B-schools?
Business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate governance
What do companies conduct to ensure they are ethical?
Ethics Audit
What is the impact of the fast-changing external environment of business on individual organizations?
It necessitates positive changes in the response of individual organizations
What is the main reason behind the changing business environment?
Information and Technological explosion
What are companies adopting to communicate their ethical culture?
New and effective tools
Why are managers and would-be entrepreneurs being groomed to be ethical and socially responsible?
Because business growth should not come at the expense of others
What is the primary goal of corporate governance?
To protect stakeholders' interests
What are the foundation of authentic business relationships?
Ethics
What is moral science concerned with?
The principles of right and wrong behavior
What is the importance of moral science in life?
It helps individuals to become worthy members of society
What is the primary focus of corporate excellence?
Achieving transparency and integrity
What is the relation between individuals and society according to moral science?
Individuals are part of a family, which is part of a community, and so on
What is the role of moral science in schools?
To instill moral values in children
What is the primary objective of moral values?
To show justice towards society
Study Notes
Natural Sciences, Humanities, and Social Sciences
- Natural sciences seek to derive general laws through reproducible and verifiable experiments.
- Humanities study local traditions, history, literature, music, and arts, focusing on understanding particular individuals, events, or eras.
- Social sciences develop scientific methods to understand social phenomena in a generalizable way, distinct from natural sciences.
Anthropology
- Anthropology is divided into four subfields: archaeology, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, and cultural anthropology.
- The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature.
- Anthropologists study peoples in societies with simpler social organization, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs.
History
- History is the study and interpretation of the record of humans, societies, and institutions that have changed over time.
- History is traditionally considered a part of the humanities, but is occasionally classified as a social science.
Ethics in Business
- Managers may face situations where they are unsure about the ethical side of their actions.
- Moral or ethical behavior cannot be legislated or taught in a vacuum; personal values and ethical behavior are taught at an early age.
- Setting a good personal example is the best way to promote ethical behavior.
- Codes promulgated by corporations and regulatory bodies continue to multiply, making it clear that corporate leaders should not make plans without considering the impact on oppressed communities.
Changing Business Environment and Ethical Challenges
- Companies respond to the changing business environment by adopting new and effective tools to communicate their ethical culture.
- An ethical organization can be recognized on the basis of its corporate excellence and relation to stakeholders, following corporate governance principles.
- Value-based management and practice of ethics have become imperatives in corporate governance.
Moral Science
- Moral science teaches moral values, standards of behavior, and principles of right and wrong.
- It teaches individuals how to behave in society, showing justice towards the community.
- Moral science is crucial in life, as it instills moral values in children, making them worthy members of society.
This quiz explores the differences between natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences in their approaches to understanding the world.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
