Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the paradigm for learning in the humanities emphasize about the subject and the object?
What does the paradigm for learning in the humanities emphasize about the subject and the object?
Which thinker is known for the statement 'Know thyself' and is associated with wisdom?
Which thinker is known for the statement 'Know thyself' and is associated with wisdom?
What is the purpose of the scientific method as described in the context of the sciences?
What is the purpose of the scientific method as described in the context of the sciences?
Which of the following views corresponds to the Medieval period?
Which of the following views corresponds to the Medieval period?
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Who proposed that 'Man is the measure of all things'?
Who proposed that 'Man is the measure of all things'?
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Which period is characterized by a focus on 'nothing is more wonderful than man'?
Which period is characterized by a focus on 'nothing is more wonderful than man'?
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What aspect distinguishes the humanities from the sciences in terms of knowledge and wisdom?
What aspect distinguishes the humanities from the sciences in terms of knowledge and wisdom?
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What is meant by the eclectic view in the postmodern period?
What is meant by the eclectic view in the postmodern period?
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What does the heliocentric theory propose about the Earth's position in the universe?
What does the heliocentric theory propose about the Earth's position in the universe?
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Which work exemplifies the idea that 'man is the measure of all things' in Renaissance art?
Which work exemplifies the idea that 'man is the measure of all things' in Renaissance art?
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In what way is the scientist depicted in modern imagery according to the content?
In what way is the scientist depicted in modern imagery according to the content?
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What type of artwork does 'Poleteismo' represent in the context of eclectic man?
What type of artwork does 'Poleteismo' represent in the context of eclectic man?
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Which of the following represents 'minor art or craft'?
Which of the following represents 'minor art or craft'?
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What is referred to as 'liberal art' in the context of the content provided?
What is referred to as 'liberal art' in the context of the content provided?
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Which of the following best defines 'major art' in Western civilization?
Which of the following best defines 'major art' in Western civilization?
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The term 'humanitas' is related to which modern concept?
The term 'humanitas' is related to which modern concept?
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Study Notes
The Humanities
- Deals with human phenomena and experiences
- Subjective understanding of the world and how it relates to the self
- Based on the reflexive method
- Aims to achieve wisdom
The Sciences
- Deals with natural and physical phenomena
- Objective understanding of the world
- Based on the scientific method
- Aims to achieve knowledge
The Humanities Paradigm
- Subject-knower is the same as the object-known.
- "The humanist learns about the self."
The Sciences Paradigm
- Subject-knower is distinct from the object-known
- "The scientist learns about things in the world."
Key Thinkers in Humanities
- Socrates: "Know thyself"
- Augustine: "Withdraw into yourself, truth dwells in the inner man.”
- Thales of Miletus: A scientist tends to know everything about the world that he forgets to know anything about himself
- Confucius: “The Great Sage”
The Humanities in Western Civilization
- Humanitas: "humanity"
- Divinitas: Gods in a state of perfection
- Barbaritas: Savages in a state of nature
Historical Perspectives of Humanity
- **Ancient: ** 800 BCE: Cosmocentric View (Man is the measure of all things)
- Geocentrism: Earth is the center of the universe.
- **Medieval: ** 300 CE - Theocentric View: Man is created in the image of God and at the center of creation.
- Renaissance: 1400 CE - Anthropocentric View: Man is the most wonderful being.
- Modern: 1600 CE - Scientific-Technocentric View: Man is a part of nature.
- Postmodern: 1960s - Eclectic View: Man is a piece of everything.
Ancient Geocentric Theory
- Earth (Man) is the center of the universe.
- Ptolemy's Almagest: (100-170 CE) Astronomical manual suggesting the Earth as the center.
Medieval Theocentric View
- God created Man.
- Escorial Beatus Manuscript: Illuminated manuscript produced in the 10th century, illustrating this concept.
Renaissance Anthropocentric View
- Man is the measure of all things.
- Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man: (bet. 1487-1490) Illustrates the ideal human proportions.
- Michelangelo's Creation of Man: (Sistine Chapel Painting, 1512) Depicts God giving life to Adam.
Heliocentric Theory
- Removed man from the center of the universe, but suggesting the Earth is still special.
- The Earth revolves around the Sun.
- Copernicus' On the Revolution of Celestial Bodies: (1542) Argued for a heliocentric model.
Modern Scientific-Technocentric View
- Man is part of nature.
- Depiction of the Evolution of Man: Illustrates evolutionary progression of humans from apes.
- Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp: (1642) Detached observation of a human body.
- Industrial Era Dehumanization: Machines, gadgets, and automation can be seen as dehumanizing.
Postmodern Eclectic View
- Man is a piece of everything.
- **Mideo Cruz's "Poleteismo": ** (Kulo Exhibit, 2011) Art piece causing controversy due to its eclectic, diverse nature and challenging religious perspectives.
Humanistic Disciplines
- History: Human events in the world.
- Language: Written and oral human communication.
- Philosophy: Human reason concerning reality.
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Art:
- Art Appreciation: Admiration of human-made objects and creativity.
- Art Creation: The process by which these objects are created.
Western Concept of Art
- Academic: Only educated people are artists.
- Elitist: Meant for the higher social classes.
- Hierarchical: Distinctions between Liberal and Servile art, high and low art, major and minor/craft, fine and practical art, folk art, indigenous art, and popular art.
Major vs. Minor Arts
- Major Arts: Made by artists, focused on beauty and form.
- Minor Arts/Crafts: Made by artisans, focused on functionality and usefulness.
Seven Major Arts in Western Civilization:
- Visual: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture.
- Performing: Music, Dance, Drama.
- Linguistic: Literature.
Minor Arts: Craft
- Ceramics, Weaving, Sewing, Handicraft, Carpentry, Masonry, Stone Cutting, Gardening, Cooking.
"Pagkatao" and the Filipino Personhood
- Latin "humanitas": "humanities"
- Filipino "pagpapakatao": Derived from "pagkatao" and "tao" (person).
Manunggul Jar
- Time Period: 890-710 BC
- Location: Tabon Caves, Palawan, Philippines.
- Significance: Represents early Filipino culture and artistry, with depictions of human figures embarked on a voyage.
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Description
Explore the fundamental differences between the humanities and sciences in this quiz. Understand their objectives, methodologies, and key thinkers that have shaped each field. Delve into the paradigms that define how we engage with knowledge and self-awareness.
