Philosophy of Mind and Body Concepts

Aristotle

• Believed the soul cannot be separated from the body
• Considered an empiricist
• Emphasized the concepts of Essence and Phenomena, where Essence is the ideal form and Phenomena is the Matter

St. Augustine

• Supported Platonism and Neoplatonism
• Believed all knowledge leads to God
• Argued only the pure in heart can see God

René Descartes

• Supported rationalism
• Advocated for Mind-Body Dualism, where the mind is separate from the body

Gilbert Ryle

• Considered an empiricist
• Rejected the concept of a separate mind
• Proposed the idea that: "I act, therefore, I am"

Patricia Churchland

• Supported empiricism
• Focused on neurophilosophy and how the physical brain gives us a sense of self
• Believed a fully developed science will eliminate the need for beliefs

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

• Considered an empiricist
• Focused on the Phenomenology of perception
• Stated that the mind and body are intertwined and cannot be separated

Rationalism vs Empiricism

• Rationalism believes in innate ideas
• Empiricism believes ideas come from sense perception or experience

Neurophilosophy

• Focuses on the relationship between the brain and the mind

Science of Self

• Natural Science provides information about the physical being
• Social Science focuses on human functioning in society
• Psychology studies human behavior and the self as a theoretical construct

Important Concepts

• Self-awareness: The consciousness of one's strengths and weaknesses.
• Self-concept: How one perceives themselves in terms of appearance, behavior and sound.
• Dualism: The belief that the mind and body are separate entities.
• Hedonism: Striving for pleasure and happiness.

Theoretical Perspectives of the Self

• Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud): Emphasizes the unconscious as a core element of the self.
• Behaviorism: Studies behavior from an observable and measurable perspective.
• Sociology: Examines collective behavior within a society.

The Social Self

• Social groups, such as family, influence the development of the self.
• Social media platforms have changed how people interact and socialize.

Managing Responsible Online Behaviour

• Emotional Intelligence (EQ): The ability to understand and manage emotions.
• Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso's Model: outlines four branches of EQ:
  • Emotional perception and expression
  • Emotional facilitation
  • Emotional understanding and analysis
  • Reflective emotional regulation
• Goleman's Clusters: These clusters encompass four aspects of EQ:
  • Self-awareness
  • Self-management
  • Social awareness
  • Relationship management
• Bar-On Model: Outlines five composites of EQ:
  • Self-perception
  • Self-expression
  • Interpersonal
  • Decision Making
  • Stress Management

The Political Self

• Politics is concerned with power and inequalities:
  • It functions within a particular cultural and socioeconomic context.
  • It can be personal.
  • It plays a role in a society.
  • Political self is an inclination to engage in political activities to benefit all sectors of society.
• Active Citizenship: Engaging with political processes, such as voting, for the betterment of society.

Digital Citizenship

• Digital Access: Full electronic participation in society, including access to information.
• Digital Commerce: Electronic buying and selling of goods.
• Digital Communication: Electronic exchange of information.

Explore key philosophical ideas related to the mind-body relationship through the views of notable philosophers like Aristotle, St. Augustine, and Descartes. This quiz examines concepts such as empiricism, rationalism, and the intertwining of essence and phenomena. Test your understanding of how these thinkers contribute to the discourse on the nature of self and perception.