Philosophy - Descartes and Locke's Ideas

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What is the core idea expressed by Descartes in relation to existence?

Existence is an illusion created by the mind.
'I think therefore I am' implies the certainty of self-existence. (correct)
The self can be doubted in all aspects.
One must rely solely on sensory experience.

According to Locke, how does knowledge primarily arise?

From experiences produced by objects encountered. (correct)
Through innate ideas present at birth.
By reflecting on abstract concepts.
By interpreting feelings and emotions.

What does the term 'Law of Opinion' refer to in Locke's framework?

Universal truths that everyone must agree on.
Moral guidelines decided by individuals.
Legislative regulations imposed by governments.
Actions regarded as virtuous or vicious by society. (correct)

What concept does Hume emphasize in relation to knowledge?

Knowledge is achievable only through sensory experiences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In describing the Mind-Body Problem, how does Descartes view the body?

As a simple machine connected to the mind. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What term does Hume use to describe the materials received by the mind from the senses?

Impressions (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Kant, what is not found in the world but is built in our mind?

Time and space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud believe motivates people primarily?

Pleasure and reduction of anxiety (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'self' in the acquisition of knowledge according to the content?

Essential for organizing impressions (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does Freud’s view of human motivation differ from moral judgment?

It is focused on immediate satisfaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes immediate sensations from ideas according to Hume?

Ideas are derived from previous sensations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Kant mean by 'transcendental apperception'?

The mind actively organizing experiences (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the mind does Freud mention as being without morality?

The id (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the ego mediate between?

Id and superego (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the superego represent?

Moral and ideal aspects (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Gilbert Ryle, how is the self defined?

As a collection of behaviors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy suggests that the brain is responsible for identity known as the self?

Neuroscience (B) Signup and view all the answers

What assertion does Maurice Merleau-Ponty make about the mind and body?

They are intertwined and inseparable (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle does the id represent?

Pleasure Principle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the ego's development?

It is the last structure to develop (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, who proposed that there is no valid separation between mind and body?

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the superego help a person learn?

Right from wrong (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Ryle's philosophy regarding the self?

Behavior manifested in daily life (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was Socrates' approach to understanding the self?

Using systematic questioning to reveal misconceptions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is famously associated with Socrates?

Know thyself (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Plato's dialogues?

Exploring philosophical concepts through Socratic discussions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the soul, according to Plato, is rational and seeks truth?

Rational (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Socrates mean when he claimed, 'All I know is that I know nothing'?

He recognized his own limitations in knowledge (B) Signup and view all the answers

What discipline is primarily associated with the exploration of the self in the context provided?

Philosophy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key goal of the Greeks in their philosophical quest?

To seek natural explanations for phenomena (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Plato's theory, which component of the soul drives action and is considered non-rational?

Appetites (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did philosopher Socrates criticize through his method of questioning?

Superstitions and myths (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is known for the statement about the soul's three components?

Plato (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the soul that must work harmoniously according to the content?

Appetitive, Spirited, Rational (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did St. Augustine initially think about Christianity?

It seemed to lack answers to his questions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the supreme virtue that leads to real happiness?

Love for God (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is referred to as the Father of Modern Philosophy in the content?

René Descartes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What concept did René Descartes introduce concerning the human person?

Dualism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of love for physical objects according to the content?

Greed (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is love described in terms of its role in self-realization?

It paves the way for all beings to higher stages. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two powers of the human mind discovered through mathematics according to Descartes?

Intuition and Deduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about excessive love for other people?

It leads to the sin of jealousy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an intellectual component of love stated in the content?

The greater the love, the more intellectual it contains. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Provinces of the Mind

The different parts or structures within the mind, each with its own role in shaping personality and behavior.

Ego

The mediating part of the mind that balances the desires of the id with the constraints of the superego.