Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which philosophy of education emphasizes the use of great books and the Liberal Arts?
Which philosophy of education emphasizes the use of great books and the Liberal Arts?
What is the primary role of the teacher in the Progressivism philosophy of education?
What is the primary role of the teacher in the Progressivism philosophy of education?
Which philosophy of education focuses on improving and reconstructing society through education?
Which philosophy of education focuses on improving and reconstructing society through education?
Who wrote the book "The Curriculum" and is considered the founder of the curriculum development movement?
Who wrote the book "The Curriculum" and is considered the founder of the curriculum development movement?
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What is the primary focus of Essentialism in terms of curriculum content?
What is the primary focus of Essentialism in terms of curriculum content?
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Which of the following trends is associated with the Progressivism philosophy of education?
Which of the following trends is associated with the Progressivism philosophy of education?
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What did Werret Charters posit about the curriculum?
What did Werret Charters posit about the curriculum?
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What was William Kilpatrick's view on the purpose of the curriculum?
What was William Kilpatrick's view on the purpose of the curriculum?
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According to Harold Rugg's perspective, what should the curriculum aim to achieve?
According to Harold Rugg's perspective, what should the curriculum aim to achieve?
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What did Ralph Tyler emphasize in his approach to curriculum development?
What did Ralph Tyler emphasize in his approach to curriculum development?
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What was Hilda Taba's contribution to curriculum development?
What was Hilda Taba's contribution to curriculum development?
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Based on the information provided, which statement is true about the curriculum development perspectives discussed?
Based on the information provided, which statement is true about the curriculum development perspectives discussed?
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What does a change for the better involve?
What does a change for the better involve?
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Which phase of curriculum development focuses on school vision, mission, and goals?
Which phase of curriculum development focuses on school vision, mission, and goals?
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What does curriculum designing involve?
What does curriculum designing involve?
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What is the primary focus of curriculum implementing?
What is the primary focus of curriculum implementing?
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Which phase of curriculum development involves determining achieved learning outcomes?
Which phase of curriculum development involves determining achieved learning outcomes?
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What is the purpose of curriculum evaluation?
What is the purpose of curriculum evaluation?
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According to Piaget's theory, which of the following stages comes after the preoperational stage?
According to Piaget's theory, which of the following stages comes after the preoperational stage?
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According to Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, what precedes development?
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, what precedes development?
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Which of the following is not one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Which of the following is not one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
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According to Goleman, what term did he use to refer to the power of emotion to affect action?
According to Goleman, what term did he use to refer to the power of emotion to affect action?
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What is the name of Maslow's theory that focuses on human needs and self-actualization?
What is the name of Maslow's theory that focuses on human needs and self-actualization?
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According to Piaget's theory, what is the process of learning modification and adaptation called?
According to Piaget's theory, what is the process of learning modification and adaptation called?
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According to humanistic psychology, what is key to producing a healthy and happy learner?
According to humanistic psychology, what is key to producing a healthy and happy learner?
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Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of the Gestalt theory of learning?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of the Gestalt theory of learning?
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According to John Dewey's sociological foundation of curriculum, what two fundamental elements needed reconstruction?
According to John Dewey's sociological foundation of curriculum, what two fundamental elements needed reconstruction?
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What did Alvin Toffler believe knowledge should prepare students for?
What did Alvin Toffler believe knowledge should prepare students for?
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Which of the following statements about curriculum development is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about curriculum development is TRUE?
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According to the humanistic approach, which of the following is key to learning?
According to the humanistic approach, which of the following is key to learning?
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Study Notes
Philosophies of Education
- Essentialism: Aim is to promote intellectual growth of learners to become competent, with teachers as sole authorities in the subject area; focus on essential skills of the 3Rs and essential subjects.
- Progressivism: Aim is to promote democratic social living, with teachers leading for growth and development of lifelong learners; focus on interdisciplinary subjects, learner-centered, and outcomes-based.
- Reconstructionism: Aim is to improve and reconstruct society, with education for change; teacher acts as agent of change and reforms, focus on present and future educational landscape.
Historical Foundations of Curriculum Development
- Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956): Considered curriculum as a science that emphasizes students' needs, prepares learners for adult life, and objectives and activities should group together when tasks are clarified.
- Werrett Charters (1875-1952): Emphasized that curriculum is science and emphasizes students' needs, with objectives and activities matching and subject matter relating to objectives.
- William Kilpatrick (1875-1952): Introduced the project method where teacher and student plan activities, with curriculum developing social relationships and small group discussion.
- Harold Rugg (1886-1960): Focused on developing the whole child, with curriculum being child-centered and producing outcomes.
- Ralph Tyler (1902-1994): Considered curriculum as a science and an extension of school's philosophy, based on students' needs and interest, and emphasizing problem-solving.
- Hilda Taba (1902-1967): Contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of concepts development and critical thinking in social studies curriculum.
Curriculum Development Process
- Curriculum Planning: Considers the school vision, mission, and goals, as well as the philosophy or strong education belief of the school.
- Curriculum Designing: Involves the selection and organization of content, learning experiences, and assessment procedures to measure achieved learning outcomes.
- Curriculum Implementing: Putting into action the plan based on the curriculum design in the classroom setting or learning environment.
- Curriculum Evaluating: Determines the extent to which the desired outcomes have been achieved, with an ongoing procedure to find out the progress of learning.
Theorists and Their Contributions
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980): Introduced the cognitive development theory, with stages from birth to maturity, and keys to learning including assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
- Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934): Focused on cultural transmission and development, with learning preceding development, and sociocultural development theory.
- Howard Gardner: Introduced the multiple intelligences theory, with eight intelligences including linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and more.
- Daniel Goleman: Emphasized the importance of emotional intelligence, with emotion containing the power to affect action.
- Abraham Maslow (1908-1970): Advanced the self-actualization theory and classic theory of human needs, with importance on human emotions, based on love and trust.
Humanistic Psychology and Gestalt Theory
- Gestalt Theory: Learning is explained in terms of wholeness of the problem, with human beings responding to an organization or pattern of stimuli, and learners analyzing problems, discriminating between essential and nonessential data, and perceiving relationships.
Social Foundations of Curriculum
- John Dewey: Considered schools and civil society as major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and popularity.
- Alvin Toffler: Believed that knowledge should prepare students for the future, with schools and students working creatively, collaboratively, and independently of their age.
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Description
Explore the key differences between Essentialism and Progressivism philosophies of education, focusing on the promotion of intellectual growth and democratic social living. Essentialism emphasizes on essential skills and subjects, while Progressivism focuses on lifelong learning and cultural literacy.
