Questions and Answers
What architectural style does the term 'Arquitectura Mestiza' refer to?
Which feature is commonly found in the design of a Bahay na Bato?
What is the main purpose of the ground floor, or 'Zaguan', in a Bahay na Bato?
What influence is reflected in the Bahay na Bato's architectural design?
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What does the term 'Cuadra' refer to in a Bahay na Bato?
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Which feature distinguishes the Bahay na Bato from the traditional bahay kubo?
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What is commonly used for roofing in traditional Bahay na Bato?
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Which aspect of the Bahay na Bato design aids in adapting to the tropical climate of the Philippines?
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What was the main motivation behind the Spaniards discovering the Philippines?
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What was the significance of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1543?
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What was established in Manila in 1571?
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What does 'Intramuros' literally mean?
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Who was responsible for the design of the defensive walls of Intramuros?
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What was one of the reasons Spain kept the Philippines?
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Who headed the construction project of the walls in Intramuros?
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What influenced the architecture in the Philippines during the Spanish era?
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Study Notes
Historical Background
- Spaniards sought spices, leading to the discovery of the Philippines.
- First urban center established in the archipelago under Spanish rule.
- Ruy Lopez de Villalobos renamed the archipelago "Las Islas Filipinas" in 1543, honoring King Philip II of Spain.
Spanish Colonization
- The first longstanding Hispanic settlement was formed in 1565.
- Catholicism was introduced, significantly influencing Filipino culture.
- Manila was established in 1571 as the capital of the Spanish East Indies, located in what is now Intramuros.
- The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade thrived, connecting the Philippine economy with global trade routes.
Intramuros
- "Intramuros" translates to "within the walls" and was pivotal during Spanish colonization.
- Served as the administrative and military center, housing key government buildings.
- Construction of the city walls was initiated by Governor General Santiago De Vera due to threats from pirates.
- Jesuit Priest Antonio Sedeno designed the fortifications, while Leonardo Iturriano oversaw construction.
- The walled city was heavily fortified with defensive structures.
Strategic Importance of the Philippines
- Historians suggest Spain’s retention of the Philippines was motivated by religious aspirations and strategic military positioning.
- There was an aim to spread Christianity into China and leverage the Philippines’ central Pacific location against European competitors.
Architectural Influences
- Philippine architecture evolved with influences from Spanish colonization, Chinese traders, and local traditions.
- "Arquitectura Mestiza" or "Bahay na Bato" represents the fusion of Filipino and Spanish architectural styles, prominent in the 18th century.
Bahay na Bato
- An evolved form of the traditional "bahay kubo," adapted to local weather and seismic conditions.
- Features an elevated wooden upper story with balustrades and capiz shell windows, supported by a sturdy stone or brick foundation.
- Roof styles include traditional thatch as well as modern materials like galvanized metal.
- Ground floors are primarily used for storage or business, often rented to shops.
Components of Bahay na Bato
- Zaguan: Ground floor designated for storage purposes.
- Cuadra: Area allocated for horse stables and carriages, known as "carruaje."
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Description
Discover the history of the Philippines under Spanish colonization, from the discovery of the archipelago to the establishment of Manila as the capital. Learn about the cultural influences and changes that took place during this period.
