Philippine History: Pre-Colonial to Spanish Colonization

Study Notes

The Philippine archipelago was inhabited by Austronesian-speaking peoples who migrated from Taiwan around 4000 BC
The islands were divided into barangays, small settlements ruled by a datu (chief)
Society was organized into a system of nobles, freemen, and slaves
Trade and cultural exchange with neighboring countries, including China, India, and Indonesia

Ferdinand Magellan's expedition arrived in 1521, introducing Christianity and claiming the islands for Spain
Miguel López de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement in 1565
Spanish colonization led to the formation of a new Filipino identity, with the fusion of Malay, Chinese, and Spanish cultures
The Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule began in 1896, led by Emilio Aguinaldo

The Spanish-American War resulted in the Philippines becoming a US territory in 1898
The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) was fought between the US and Filipino revolutionaries
The US introduced a new system of government, education, and economy, leading to modernization and urbanization
The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 established the Philippines as a commonwealth, with a 10-year transition to independence

Japan occupied the Philippines during World War II, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life
The Philippine government-in-exile, led by Manuel Quezon, continued to fight against Japan
The Battle of Manila (1945) was a decisive Allied victory, but resulted in heavy civilian casualties and destruction

The Philippines gained independence from the US on July 4, 1946
The country struggled with corruption, poverty, and political instability, including the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
The 1986 People Power Revolution led to the ousting of Marcos and the restoration of democracy
The Philippines has continued to face challenges, including corruption, poverty, and insurgency, but has also made progress in economic development and democratization

Austronesian-speaking peoples from Taiwan inhabited the Philippine archipelago around 4000 BC
The islands were divided into barangays, small settlements ruled by a datu (chief)
Society was organized into a system of nobles, freemen, and slaves
The Philippines had trade and cultural exchange with neighboring countries, including China, India, and Indonesia

Ferdinand Magellan's expedition introduced Christianity in 1521 and claimed the islands for Spain
Miguel López de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement in 1565
Spanish colonization led to the formation of a new Filipino identity, with the fusion of Malay, Chinese, and Spanish cultures
The Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule began in 1896, led by Emilio Aguinaldo

The Spanish-American War resulted in the Philippines becoming a US territory in 1898
The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) was fought between the US and Filipino revolutionaries
The US introduced a new system of government, education, and economy, leading to modernization and urbanization
The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 established the Philippines as a commonwealth, with a 10-year transition to independence

Japan occupied the Philippines during World War II, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life
The Philippine government-in-exile, led by Manuel Quezon, continued to fight against Japan
The Battle of Manila (1945) was a decisive Allied victory, but resulted in heavy civilian casualties and destruction

The Philippines gained independence from the US on July 4, 1946
The country struggled with corruption, poverty, and political instability, including the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
The 1986 People Power Revolution led to the ousting of Marcos and the restoration of democracy
The Philippines has continued to face challenges, including corruption, poverty, and insurgency, but has also made progress in economic development and democratization