Philippine History: Pre-Colonial to Spanish Colonization

Pre-Colonial Period (9000 BC - 1521 AD)

• The Philippine archipelago was inhabited by Austronesian-speaking peoples who migrated from Taiwan around 4000 BC
• The islands were divided into barangays, small settlements ruled by a datu (chief)
• Society was organized into a system of nobles, freemen, and slaves
• Trade and cultural exchange with neighboring countries, including China, India, and Indonesia

Spanish Colonization (1521 - 1898)

• Ferdinand Magellan's expedition arrived in 1521, introducing Christianity and claiming the islands for Spain
• Miguel López de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement in 1565
• Spanish colonization led to the formation of a new Filipino identity, with the fusion of Malay, Chinese, and Spanish cultures
• The Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule began in 1896, led by Emilio Aguinaldo

American Colonization (1898 - 1946)

• The Spanish-American War resulted in the Philippines becoming a US territory in 1898
• The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) was fought between the US and Filipino revolutionaries
• The US introduced a new system of government, education, and economy, leading to modernization and urbanization
• The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 established the Philippines as a commonwealth, with a 10-year transition to independence

Japanese Occupation (1942 - 1945)

• Japan occupied the Philippines during World War II, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life
• The Philippine government-in-exile, led by Manuel Quezon, continued to fight against Japan
• The Battle of Manila (1945) was a decisive Allied victory, but resulted in heavy civilian casualties and destruction

Post-War Period (1946 - Present)

• The Philippines gained independence from the US on July 4, 1946
• The country struggled with corruption, poverty, and political instability, including the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
• The 1986 People Power Revolution led to the ousting of Marcos and the restoration of democracy
• The Philippines has continued to face challenges, including corruption, poverty, and insurgency, but has also made progress in economic development and democratization

Pre-Colonial Period (9000 BC - 1521 AD)

• Austronesian-speaking peoples from Taiwan inhabited the Philippine archipelago around 4000 BC
• The islands were divided into barangays, small settlements ruled by a datu (chief)
• Society was organized into a system of nobles, freemen, and slaves
• The Philippines had trade and cultural exchange with neighboring countries, including China, India, and Indonesia

Spanish Colonization (1521 - 1898)

• Ferdinand Magellan's expedition introduced Christianity in 1521 and claimed the islands for Spain
• Miguel López de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement in 1565
• Spanish colonization led to the formation of a new Filipino identity, with the fusion of Malay, Chinese, and Spanish cultures
• The Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule began in 1896, led by Emilio Aguinaldo

American Colonization (1898 - 1946)

• The Spanish-American War resulted in the Philippines becoming a US territory in 1898
• The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) was fought between the US and Filipino revolutionaries
• The US introduced a new system of government, education, and economy, leading to modernization and urbanization
• The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 established the Philippines as a commonwealth, with a 10-year transition to independence

Japanese Occupation (1942 - 1945)

• Japan occupied the Philippines during World War II, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life
• The Philippine government-in-exile, led by Manuel Quezon, continued to fight against Japan
• The Battle of Manila (1945) was a decisive Allied victory, but resulted in heavy civilian casualties and destruction

Post-War Period (1946 - Present)

• The Philippines gained independence from the US on July 4, 1946
• The country struggled with corruption, poverty, and political instability, including the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
• The 1986 People Power Revolution led to the ousting of Marcos and the restoration of democracy
• The Philippines has continued to face challenges, including corruption, poverty, and insurgency, but has also made progress in economic development and democratization