Philippine Local Government Structure
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Philippine Local Government Structure

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary increase in the number of local special bodies under the 1991 Code?

  • Increased from zero to four
  • Increased from two to four
  • Increased from one to four (correct)
  • Increased from one to three

    • Which principle ensures fair and consistent application of laws and policies according to the 1991 Code?

  • Accountability
  • Inclusiveness
  • Transparency (correct)
  • Predictability

    • What requirement was imposed on elected officials by the 1991 Code concerning business interests?

  • To submit annual detailed business plans
  • To limit their business activities
  • To avoid all financial disclosures
  • To fully disclose their business interests (correct)

    • What issue arises from the automatic resource transfers to LGUs?

    <p>Dependency on IRA for financing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the 1991 Code address direct business transactions between elected officials and local governments?

    <p>By requiring a procurement committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a problem with the revenue shares received by LGUs?

    <p>They show no relation to local revenue efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of the lack of incentive for LGUs to augment revenues?

    <p>Continued reliance on IRA for funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the patronage system persist in local politics despite assured revenue transfers?

    <p>It remains untouched by resource distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason for the weak fiscal capacity of local government units (LGUs)?

    <p>High dependency on the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a limitation imposed by the 1991 Code on LGUs?

    <p>Limitations in establishing local tax rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the mismatch between LGUs' spending responsibilities and their powers to tax?

    <p>Reduced incentives for local accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the national government's control over productive tax bases affect LGUs?

    <p>It limits the financial resources available to LGUs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the President’s power of intervention have on LGUs?

    <p>It creates potential for patronage systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue with existing fiscal transfer schemes for LGUs?

    <p>They exacerbate fiscal inequities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to inefficiencies among LGUs?

    <p>Fiscal competition and spillovers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be considered an unfunded mandate for LGUs?

    <p>Mandatory benefits for health workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power allows the control of the disbursement of special and discretionary funds without legislative scrutiny?

    <p>Power to control fund disbursement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when local politicians act as intermediaries with central authorities?

    <p>Reduced local autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the nature of grants from the national government to local government units (LGUs)?

    <p>Substitutive rather than stimulative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of particularist politics in relation to centralized power?

    <p>They reinforce each other as two aspects of governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the period from 1993 to 2002, how many LGUs received the Galing Pook Awards for outstanding programs?

    <p>143</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary focus of the trailblazing programs recognized by the Galing Pook Awards?

    <p>Health services, revenue mobilization, and expenditure management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of LGUs becoming reliant on national government grants?

    <p>Diminished autonomy of local governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of local politicians in relation to national government resources?

    <p>To act as brokers for accessing centralized resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NGOs and POs in local planning and implementing processes?

    <p>They have mandatory membership in local special bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT mentioned as a way for NGOs/POs to participate in local governance?

    <p>Challenging government decisions in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second linkage in local governance and development signify?

    <p>Social inclusion is a form of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key element of good governance according to the 1991 Code?

    <p>Enhanced accountability of public officials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation was established by the 1991 Code regarding the terms of mayors?

    <p>Maximum of three consecutive terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does accountability contribute to local governance?

    <p>It requires public officials to be answerable to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preferential treatment mentioned for local cooperatives?

    <p>Priority selection in government contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mandatory consultations by national government agencies?

    <p>They enhance collaboration between local and national stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of local government unit does not elect provincial officials?

    <p>Independent component city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local government unit is the smallest and has the least autonomy?

    <p>Barangay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who heads the municipal legislative council?

    <p>Vice mayor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What authority is responsible for conducting a plebiscite for changes in city boundaries?

    <p>Commission on Elections (COMELEC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic service is NOT typically provided by a barangay?

    <p>Highway maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary legislative body for a city called?

    <p>Sangguniang Panlunsod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of city is NOT subject to provincial taxation?

    <p>Independent component city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local government unit is subordinate to the provincial government?

    <p>Municipality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the unitary form of government in the Philippines?

    <p>It has a single and national institution exercising supreme authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'ultra vires' rule signify in the context of local government units (LGUs)?

    <p>The Constitution must specify the powers of the LGUs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers comprises the first tier of the Philippine local government structure?

    <p>National/Central government and Administrative regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the administrative regions within the first tier of the local government structure?

    <p>They contain provinces but do not have elected governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a governor play in the provincial level of local government?

    <p>The governor heads the provincial legislative assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cities and municipalities is correct?

    <p>They are subdivided into barangays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the composition of provinces in the Philippine local government structure?

    <p>Provinces are the largest local government units with elected governors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is not included in the description of regions as per the content provided?

    <p>The presence of elected governments in every region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philippine Local Government Structure

    • Unitary form of government with a multi-tiered structure
    • Single national institutions exercise undisputed sovereignty
    • Local government units (LGUs) are mandated by the Constitution
    • Multi-tiered structure: central government to administrative regions to barangays

    First Tier: National/Central Government

    • Operates through a large bureaucracy (around 20 departments)
    • Divided into 18 regions, each with provincial offices
    • Departments do not have elected governments

    Second Tier: Provinces, Cities, and Municipalities

    • Provinces: headed by an elected governor and provincial legislative assembly
    • Cities and municipalities: headed by an elected mayor
    • Further divided into barangays

    Basic Services and Facilities (provided by LGUs)

    • Barangay: agricultural support, health/social welfare, sanitation, solid waste collection, barangay roads and bridges, water supply.
    • Municipality: roads and bridges, water supply, public markets, health/social welfare, information centers, solid waste.
    • Province: agriculture, fisheries, research, management of communal forests, health services, infrastructure.
    • City: additional services of municipality and province, communication, and transportation, public works, and infrastructure.

    Local Government Code of 1991

    • Decentralization strategy to enhance administrative efficiency and local autonomy
    • Transferring fundamental responsibilities to LGUs
    • Including basic social services, enforcement of regulations, and increasing financial resources
      • Taxing powers are broadened
      • Specific share of national wealth, increased revenue sharing.

    Weaknesses in Fiscal Provisions

    • Mismatch between devolved functions and revenue shares
    • Existing transfer schemes do not address fiscal inequities
    • Weaknesses in fiscal capacity of LGUs, high dependency on IRA

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    Philippine Local Government Structure PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the Philippine local government system, which operates under a unitary and multi-tiered framework. This quiz covers the roles of national, provincial, and local government units, as well as the basic services they provide. Test your knowledge about the various levels of government and their functions in the Philippines.

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