Philippine Literary Works: Kartilya ng Katipunan & Liwanag at Dilim

La Independencia Newspaper

• Founded and edited by Antonio Luna, playing a key role in disseminating ideas of independence and rallying support for the revolution against Spain.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

• Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and leading propagandist during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonization in the late 19th century.
• Pen names: Plaridel (derived from his hometown, Bulacan), Pupdoh, and Dolores Manapat (used to conceal his identity while writing critical articles).
• Literary works: Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayer and Mockery, 1884), a satirical work critiquing the abuses and hypocrisies of friars and Spanish colonial authorities.
• La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Sovereignty in the Philippines, 1888), an essay denouncing the excessive power and influence of friars in Philippine society.
• Contributed articles to La Solidaridad, a newspaper advocating for political and social reforms in the Philippines.

Pedro

• Literary works: Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of the Katipunan), a document serving as the ethical and ideological guide for members of the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society seeking Philippine independence.
• Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness), an essay contrasting the oppressive rule of the Spanish colonial government with the aspirations of the Filipino people for freedom and independence.

Mariano Ponce

• Filipino physician, writer, and revolutionary who played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule and the propaganda movement.
• Pen names: Naning, Tikbalang (inspired by Filipino folklore), and Kalipulako (inspired by the legendary Visayan warrior Datu Lapu-Lapu).
• Literary works: Cartas Sobre La Revolucion (Letters About the Revolution), a series of letters addressing issues related to the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
• Contributed to La Solidaridad, a Filipino propaganda newspaper published in Spain during the late 19th century.

Jose Rizal

• National hero of the Philippines.
• Pen names: Laong Laan (meaning “ever prepared” or “ever ready”), Dimasalang (meaning “he who is never at a loss” or “resourceful”), La Indio Bravo, and Pepe.
• Literary works: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), a novel exposing the injustices and abuses of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and criticizing the clergy’s influence on Filipino society.
• El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed), a sequel to “Noli Me Tangere” that delves deeper into the injustices and oppression faced by Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule.
• Mi último adiós (My Last Farewell), written on the eve of his execution on December 30, 1896.
• Filipinas dentro de cien años (The Philippines Within a Century), an essay providing Rizal’s vision of the Philippines’ future, written in 1889.

Jose Palma

• Filipino poet and soldier who wrote the lyrics of the Philippine national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang."
• Pen name: Hermes, inspired by the Greek mythology messenger of the gods, known for his swiftness and eloquence.