Questions and Answers
What style of art did Fernando Amorsolo represent?
What notable sculpture did Guillermo Tolentino create in 1935?
In which exhibition did Amorsolo and Tolentino challenge Victorio Edades?
Which aspect of Amorsolo's work did the conservative styles favor?
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What is a key characteristic of the artwork associated with Victorio Edades?
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What was the significant outcome of the Treaty of Paris in 1898?
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What was the Sedition Law primarily aimed at restricting?
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Which major cultural influence did the American colonial government bring to the Philippines?
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In which year was 'A Modern Filipina' authored, marking a milestone in Filipino theater?
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What local term was used for the form of theater that includes slapstick, songs, and comedy skits during the 1920s?
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Study Notes
Independence and American Colonization
- The Philippine Independence Revolution of 1896 was prematurely halted by the establishment of the American colonial government.
- The Treaty of Paris in 1898 resulted in Spain ceding the Philippines to the United States.
Philippine American War and Education
- From 1899 to 1913, the Philippine American War erupted, marked by violent conflict as the U.S. imposed governance and educational reforms.
- American education introduced the English language as the lingua franca, shifting the cultural landscape towards American norms.
Censorship and Literature
- The Sedition Law restricted Filipino playwrights by banning any publications advocating for Philippine independence, leading to significant censorship.
- Despite the restrictions, Filipino writers began to produce works in English, with significant progress by the early 20th century.
Notable Plays and Theater
- In 1915, Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo produced "A Modern Filipina," recognized as the first Filipino play written in English.
- Vaudeville, a theatrical form originating from France, gained popularity in the 1920s in the Philippines, locally referred to as bodabil, consisting of diverse performances such as slapstick, songs, and comedy skits.
Development of Fine Arts
- The University of the Philippines established its School of Fine Arts in 1909, leading to courses in commercial design.
- Fernando Amorsolo, an influential artist, took on a professorial role at the UP School of Fine Arts, becoming known as the "Amorsolo School."
Sculpture and Classical Influence
- Guillermo Tolentino, educated in Fine Arts in Rome, was influenced by classical traditions, creating iconic works like the Oblation (original 1935; bronze cast 1958) and the Bonifacio Monument (1933, Caloocan).
Artistic Movements and Exhibitions
- A struggle between traditional and modern styles defined the Philippine art scene, exemplified in the 1928 homecoming exhibition featuring Amorsolo and Tolentino against modernist Victorio Edades.
- Edades's work "The Builders" showcased a shift toward modern art with its use of dull colors and deviation from traditional subject matter, contrasting with Amorsolo's pastoral themes.
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Description
This quiz explores the key events and impacts of the Philippine independence revolution of 1896, the Treaty of Paris in 1898, and the subsequent Philippine-American War from 1899 to 1913. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced by Filipino playwrights under the Sedition Law. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in Philippine history.
